Q.
35.
What is back bonding ??
Answers
BACK BONDING
This type of bonding occurs between atoms in a compound in which one atom has lone pair of electron and the other has vacant orbital placed adjacent to each other.
A compound with back bonding has pi-bonding character since it results after formation of sigma bond.
Back bonding allows the molecule to stable as it completes its octet. Back bonding results in a decrease in bond length and increase in bond order.
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Explanation:
backbonding, also called π backdonation, is a concept from chemistry in which electrons move from an atomic orbital on one atom to an appropriate symmetry anti bonding orbital on a π-acceptor ligand. It is especially common in the organometallic chemistry of transition metals with multi-atomic ligands such as carbon monoxide, ethylene or the nitrosonium cation. Electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand, in the process relieving the metal of excess negative charge. Compounds where π backbonding occurs include Ni(CO)4 and Zeise's salt. IUPAC offers the following definition for backbonding:
A description of the bonding of π-conjugated ligands to a transition metal which involves a synergic process with donation of electrons from the filled π-orbital or lone electron pair orbital of the ligand into an empty orbital of the metal (donor–acceptor bond), together with release (back donation) of electrons from an nd orbital of the metal (which is of π-symmetry with respect to the metal–ligand axis) into the empty π*-antibonding orbital of the ligand.
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