Question

Q.5] State and explain 'Finkelstein' reaction with suitable example?
Q.6] State and explain 'Swarts' reaction with suitable example?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Answer 2

Finkelstein Reaction

The Finkelstein reaction is a Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction involves the exchange of halogen atom. It is named after the Hans Finkelstein, a German chemist.

It is an organic reaction that uses an alkyl halide exchange into another alkyl halide through a reaction wherein the metal halide salt is used. This reaction takes place at an equilibrium process by taking the advantage of poor acetone solubility in metal halide salt that is newly formed. The mechanism of the Finkelstein reaction is single-step [Math Processing Error] reaction with stereochemistry inversion.

Finkelstein Reaction

The classic Finkelstein reaction involves the process of an alkyl bromide or an alkyl chloride into an alkyl iodide which is treated with a sodium iodide solution in acetone. As the sodium iodide is soluble in the acetone, but the sodium bromide and sodium chloride are not soluble in the acetone. The reaction works good with the primary halides but better with α-carbonyl halides and allyl benzyl.

For instance: The bromoethane can be converted to iodoethane:

The success of this reaction depends on the below conditions.

Nucleophilicity

Nature of group

Carbon-halogen bond

Alkyl Halide reactivity

In the modern usage of Finkelstein reaction, it has expanded including in the process of changing alcohols to alkyl halides by converting the alcohol to a sulfonate ester in the first stage, and then the substitution changes.

For Example: Synthesis of chrysochlamic acid.

Swarts Reaction

the replacement in organic compounds of, most often, chlorine by fluorine through the action of antimony trifluoride (SbF3).The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of Sb salts in which antimony displays an oxidation state of +5. Examplesof the products obtained through this process are seen in the following reactions:

CCl4 → CF2 Cl2 + CFCl3

CHCl3 → CHFCl2 + CHF2Cl

CCl3CCl3 → CFCl2 - CFCl2 + CFCl2 - CF2 Cl

C6H5 CCl3 → C6H5CF3

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