Q. 8. Explain with examples (i) Atomic number (ii) Mass number (iii) Isotopes (iv) Isobars. (H.P. 2013 Give any two uses of isotopes.
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(i) Atomic number: The atomic number is the total number of protons present in the atom. For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. It contains 11 protons and 11 electrons.
(ii) Mass number: It is the sum of the number of neutrons and the number of protons. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 which is equal to the number of protons, the number of neutrons of magnesium is 12. The mass number is equal to 24 (12+12).
(iii) Isotopes are the elements having same atomic number but different mass number. They have same chemical properties as the number of valence electrons are same. For example, 6C12, 6C13, 6C14 are the three isotopes of carbon. They have same atomic number but different mass number due to difference in the number of neutrons.
(iv) Isobars: They are elements having the same mass number but different atomic number. For example. 18Ar40, 19K40 are isobars having the same atomic mass but different atomic number.
The two uses of isotopes are:
Nuclear weapons and nuclear power require large quantities of isotopes of uranium.
An isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.
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