Question

Q. II- Answer the following questions. [24]
a. Name one important public building of Indus Valley Civilization and its importance
b. Who was Gautam Buddha? Where was he born?
c. Name the four Vedas.
d. Name the epics written during the later Vedic period.
e. Give any two characteristic features of the citadel.
f. Name the four Varnas that existed during the Vedic Age.
g. Give Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. h. Briefly describe granaries at Harrapa. i. Name the four Ashramas into which the human life span was divided, indicating the time span for each.
j. What are known as Triratnas?
k. Name two important sources of information about the Harappan Civilization.
l. Who was Vardhmana Mahavira? Give the meaning of both the names.​

Answer 1

1. One of the important building or structure of the Indus Valley Civilisation was 'The Great Bath'. It is one of the well known structure of the time and the said civilisation. It has been traced and found in the ruins of the old settlement of Mohenjo-Daro i.e. in the present day Sindh of Pakistan.
2. Lumbini Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage.

1. There are four Indo-Aryan Vedas: the Rig Veda contains hymns about their mythology; the Sama Veda consists mainly of hymns about religious rituals; the Yajur Veda contains instructions for religious rituals; and the Atharva Veda consists of spells against enemies, sorcerers, and diseases.
2. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata — were written during the Later Vedic period.
3. The elevated portion of the city is known as citadel.
4. Important buildings such as the Great Bath, granary, assembly halls and workshops were built in this part of the city.
5. The citadel points towards an elaborate and efficient planning of the city which justifies that the Harappan Civilisation was an urban civilisation.
6. The Varna system in Dharma-shastras divides society into four varnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishya and Shudras).
7. The four ashrams are Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. Brahmacharya Ashrama: It lasted up to the age of 25 years. ... Vanaprastha Ashrama: It lasted from the age of 50 to 75 years. During this period man was expected to retire from worldly life and acquire spiritual and philosophical knowledge.
8. In Jainism the three jewels (also referred to as ratnatraya) are understood as samyagdarshana (“right faith”), samyagjnana (“right knowledge”), and samyakcharitra (“right conduct”). One of the three cannot exist exclusive of the others, and all are required for spiritual liberation.
9. Archaeological remains and Inscriptions are the major sources of information on the Harappan civilization.
10. On account of his bravery and heroic deeds, he was called Mahavira. His father held a prosperous kingdom at his birth-time, so he was called 'Vardhamana' which meant prosperity.

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Answer 2

Evelyn Glennie is a multi-percussionist. She can play about 1,000 instruments with perfection. She listens to sound without hearing it.