Chemistry, asked by ALTAF11, 1 year ago

Q.Q.3
Write preparation , four uses and Five chemical properties of :-

( i ) Etanol

( ii ) Ethanoic acid

( iii ) Plaster of Paris

( iv ) Washing Soda


( provide equation of preparation and chemical properties with explanation )

| CBSE | Class 10th |


Answers

Answered by GauravSaxena01
1
Hey...!! :))
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<> Ethanol:-

Ethanol's chemical formula is C2H5OH. Pure ethanol is a flammable, colorless liquid with a boiling point of 78.5° C. Its low melting point of -114.5° C allows it to be used in antifreeze products. It has a pleasant odor reminiscent of whiskey. Its density is 789 g/l about 20% less than that of water.

✓ chemical properties:-
Chemical Formula

*Ethanol’s chemical formula is C2H5OH.

*Ethanol is a 2-carbon alcohol.

*Its molecular formula is CH3CH2OH.

*An alternative notation is CH3–CH2–OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH3–) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (–CH2–), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (–OH).

*It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is sometimes abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C2H5-) with Et.

*Reaction with sodium bicarbonate

*Acetic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide.

<> Ethanoic acid:-

There are few better examples of improvements in the manufacture of chemicals in recent years than that of ethanoic acid (acetic acid). Up to the last few years much was manufactured by the non-catalytic oxidation of naphtha which gave large quantities of side-products. It is now usually manufactured from methanol with yields of over 99%.

✓ Chemical properties:-

* Acidic character

* When dissolved in water, acetic acid undergoes dissociation to form hydrogen (H+) ion. Because of the release of a proton, acetic acid has an acidic character.

*It turns blue litmus paper red, indicating that it is acidic in nature. However, it is a weak acid because it does not dissociate completely in aqueous solution.

<> plaster of Paris:-

A white powdery slightly hydrated calcium sulfate CaSO4·¹/₂H2O or 2CaSO4·H2O made by calcining gypsum and used chiefly for casts and molds in the form of a quick-setting paste with water.

✓properties:-

Firstly the Chemical formula of Gypsum is 2CaSO4.2H2O.

A paste is made by mixing Plaster of Paris with appropriate amount of water, which sets hard.

It has a property of setting into hard mass when water is added into it, within half an hour. The setting of plaster of Paris is due to its hydration to form crystals of gypsum which set to form hard and solid mass.

<> washing soda:- Sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃, is the water-soluble sodium salt of carbonic acid. It most commonly occurs as a crystalline decahydrate, which readily effloresces to form a white powder, the monohydrate.

✓ properties:- It is a crystalline solid which is white in color.

It exists as a monohydrated salt anhydrous salt heptahydrous salt and decahydrate salt

Sodium carbonate is basic in nature.

It has a melting point of 851°C.


I hope it's help you....:)) ✌️✌️
Answered by CaptainBrainly
3
Hey Mate!
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Here is your answer :

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ETHANOL :
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Preparation : Ethanol is prepared by addition of water vapour in Ethene in presence of P2O5, Tungsten oxide at high pressure and Temperature.


CH2 = CH2 + H2O ------------> CH3CH2OH


Properties :

=> Ethanol is colourless liquid with sweet taste.

=> Ethanol is pure Alcohol (100%).

=> Pure Ethanol boils at 78 degree Celsius.

Uses of Ethanol :

☆ This is used as ingredient in Alcohol.

☆ The Ethanol is used in medicines like cough syrups.

☆ 10% Ethanol in gasoline is a good motar fuel.

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ETHANOIC ACID : Ethanoic acid is a colour less liquid with unpleasant odour. it is soluble in water and more acidic than Ethanol. but this is less acidic than the mineral acids. ethanoic acid is commonly called as Acetic acid. this is also called as Vinegar.

=> This is used as preservative in food.

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PLASTER OF PARIS :
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Preparation : on heating gypsum at 373k it loses water partially to become calcium sulphate hemihydrate. this makes Plaster of Paris.

CaSO4. 1 1/2 H2O + 1 1/2 H2O ------> CaSO4.2H2O

Uses of plaster of Paris :

=> This is used in making toys and idols.

=> This is used in supporting fractured bones and right position.

=> This used in materials of decoration.


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WASHING SODA : ( SODIUM CARBONATE )
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Preparation : Sodium Carbonate is formed by heating baking soda. Recrystallisation of Sodium Carbonate forms washing soda.

Na2CO3 + 10H2O ------> NA2CO3. 10H2O


Uses of washing soda :

=> This is used in glass, paper and soap industries.

=> It is used in manufacture of sodium products.

=> Sodium Carbonate can be used as cleaning agent.


Properties : It is basic in nature.

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HOPE THIS HELPS U...
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