Q. What are the challenges posed by globalisation? [Please answer in brief]
Answers
One is to ensure that the benefits of globalization extend to all countries. That will certainly not happen automatically.
The second is to deal with the fear that globalization leads to instability, which is particularly marked in the developing world.
The third challenge is to address the very real fear in the industrial world that increased global competition will lead inexorably to a race to the bottom in wages, labor rights, employment practices, and the environment.
And finally, globalization and all of the complicated problems related to it must not be used as excuses to avoid searching for new ways to cooperate in the overall interest of countries and people.
Several implications for civil society, for governments and for multinational institutions stem from the challenges of globalization.
Civil society organizations concerned with development have traditionally focused on aid and resource transfers; they now are going to have to broaden their agenda to deal with the much more complex issues of trade and investment, international financial flows, environment, and migration, among others. Civil society organizations in the old industrial countries also will have to deal with the backlash against global ization, which is producing a growing unwillingness to support multilateral cooperation.
Governments are going to have to decide what they mean by “civil society” and to identify new ways of dealing with its organizations. At the Overseas Development Council, we define civil society broadly to encompass not only development and advocacy groups, but also corporations, financial institutions, think tanks, foundations, and a range of other groups that are not part of government. But governments and other actors need to decide whether civil society is simply an effective—and even cheap—way of delivering social programs, or whether it is good in and of itself, an essential component of a democratic society. In other words, they are going to have to be much more precise about the purposes of working with civil society groups and about how they fund them.
Then, there is a whole set of critical questions for the multilateral institutions, particularly concerning participation and transparency. These issues are extremely difficult because these remain governmental institutions, and governments often do not welcome the participation of civil society in decisions.
Finally, there is a need for high-level political discussions among leaders from the old industrial countries, the emerging economies, and the countries that risk marginalization by globalization. We are urging the Group of Eight this year in London to call for a new summit on globalization in order to begin a discussion of maximizing its benefits and minimizing its costs.
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Globalization has brought about significant economic and social changes to the world.
While it has resulted in many benefits such as increased trade, investment, and job opportunities, it has also posed some challenges. Some of these challenges include:
1. Increased competition: Globalization has increased competition among businesses, which can lead to job losses and reduced wages in some sectors.
2. Cultural homogenization: Globalization has led to the spread of western culture and values, which can threaten local cultures and traditions.
3. Environmental degradation: Increased economic activity has led to increased resource consumption and pollution, resulting in environmental degradation.
4. Income inequality: Globalization has widened the gap between the rich and poor in many countries, leading to increased poverty and social unrest.
5. Political instability: Globalization has led to increased interdependence among nations, which can lead to political instability and conflict.
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