Question

Q1. Explain the following terms :
a) Esterification
b) Saponification
c) Dehydration

Answer 1

a) Esterification is when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react together (with sulphuric acid as a catalyst) to form an ester. Example: Butanol (alcohol) +Pentanoic acid(carboxylic acid) -> Butyl pentanoate (ester).

b) Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of carboxylic acid (carboxylates). Saponification is commonly used to refer to the reaction of a metallic alkali (base) with a fat or oil to form soap. Saponifiable substances are those that can be converted into soap.

c) In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes. It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake, usually due to exercise, disease, or high environmental temperature. Mild dehydration can also be caused by immersion diuresis, which may increase risk of decompression sickness in divers.

Answer 2

Hey friend your answer is as follows:-
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✨Esterification => It is a reaction in which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form an ester
H2SO4
CH3COOH+C2H5OH --------------> CH3COOC2H5

✨Saponification => It is the process of alkaline hydrolysis of an ester which produces an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid. It is opposite process of esterification

CH3COOC2H5+NaOH ------------> C2H5OH+ CH3COONa

✨Dehydration => It is process of taking out of chemically combined water molecules with the help of agent such as sulphuric acid
conc. H2SO4
C2H5OH ----------------------> C2H4+H2O

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