Question

Q1. What are fungi? On which articles do we observe the growth of fungi?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Growth of hyphae in most fungi takes place almost exclusively in the apical zone (i.e., at the very tip). This is the region where the cell wall extends continuously to produce a long hyphal tube. The cytoplasm within the apical zone is filled with numerous vesicles.

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Explanation:

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Answer 2

ǫᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ →

Q1. What are fungi?

On which articles do we observe the growth of fungi?

ᴀɴsᴡᴇʀ →

Definition

a plant that is not green and does not have leaves or flowers (for example a mushroom), or that is like a wet powder and grows on old wood or food, walls, etc. Some fungi can be harmful

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Fungal growth in pasteurized foods, raw materials, and food ingredients should be avoided, since some of them are able to produce mycotoxins. Spores and vegetative cells of most molds are inactivated upon exposure to 60 °C for 5 min (Beuchat, 1998). Notable exceptions are the ascospores of certain strains of the molds Neosartorya fischeri, Byssochlamys nivea, Talaromyces flavus, Eupenicillium javanicum, and Byssochlamys fulva (King et al., 1969; Hatcher et al., 1979; Beuchat, 1986; Scott and Bernard, 1987; Aragão, 1989; Tournas and Traxler, 1994; Gumerato, 1995; Kotzekidou, 1997), where for high-acid fruit pulps and juices, a 0.8 min < D90 °C-value < 8.1 min and 4 °C < z-value < 9.2 °C were observed (Table 4). The ascospores of several mold species have been associated with spoilage of canned tomato paste, surviving pasteurization of 85 °C for 20 min, when initial numbers were near 105 cfu ml−1 (Kotzekidou, 1997). After identification, D-values at 90 °C were determined in tomato paste, being 8.1 min for a B. fulva strain, 4.4–6.6 min for N. fischeri strains, and 1.5 min for a B. nivea strain (Kotzekidou, 1997). Talaromyces flavus also has been responsible for fruit juice spoilage incidents (King and Halbrook, 1987; Scott and Bernard, 1987). Thermal inactivation studies of T. flavus, N. fischeri, and Byssochlamys spp. in five fruit-based concentrates (25.2–33.4 °Brix), resulted in D91 °C of 2.9–5.4 min, <2 min, and some seconds, respectively (Beuchat, 1986).

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Types of fungi

• Chytridiomycota

• Zygomycota

• Glomeromycota

• Ascomycota

• Basidiomycota

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