Q2)Complete the following concept chart
Nine moods or Rasas of Indian Performing Arts
Rudra
(Terrible)
Veet
(Hero)
Hasya
Humour)
Adbhut
(Wondrous
Answers
Answer:
A rasa (Sanskrit: रस, Malayalam: രാസ്യം) literally means “juice, essence or taste”. It connotes a concept in Indian arts about the aesthetic flavour of any visual, literary or musical work that evokes an emotion or feeling in the reader or audience but cannot be described.
The rasa theory is mentioned in Chapter 6 of the ancient Sanskrit text Natya Shastra, attributed to Bharata Muni, but its most complete exposition in drama, songs and other performance arts is found in the works of the Kashmiri Shaivite philosopher Abhinavagupta (c. 1000 CE). According to the Rasa theory of the Natya Shastra, entertainment is a desired effect of performance arts but not the primary goal, and the primary goal is to transport the individual in the audience into another parallel reality, full of wonder and bliss, where he experiences the essence of his own consciousness, and reflects on spiritual and moral questions.
According to legend, the Rasa theory was laid down in writing by St. Bharata Muni in the book Natyashastra and expanded by Abhinavagupta at the turn of the first millennium. It describes eight or nine basic moods (rasas), which, depending on the nature of the work of art, are caused by combinations of precisely defined emotional triggers (bhavas). The Rasa concept is still used in theater, dance, music, literature and fine art and is also shaping Indian cinema.
Although the concept of rasa is fundamental to many forms of Indian arts including dance, music, theatre, painting, sculpture, and literature, the interpretation and implementation of a particular rasa differs between different styles and schools. The Indian theory of rasa is also found in the Hindu arts and Ramayana musical productions in Bali and Java (Indonesia), but with regional creative evolution.
History
The word rasa appears in ancient Vedic literature. In Rigveda, it connotes a liquid, an extract and flavor.[note 1] In Atharvaveda, rasa in many contexts means “taste”, and also the sense of “the sap of grain”. According to Daniel Meyer-Dinkgräfe – a professor of Drama, rasa in the Upanishads refers to the “essence, self-luminous consciousness, quintessence” but also “taste” in some contexts.[note 2][note 3] In post-Vedic literature, the word generally connotes “extract, essence, juice or tasty liquid”.
Rasa in an aesthetic sense is suggested in the Vedic literature, but the oldest surviving manuscripts, with the rasa theory of Hinduism, are of Natya Shastra. The Aitareya Brahmana in chapter 6, for example, states:
nine moods or Rajasthan of Indian performing arts
Ans:
shrinagar (love)
Hayabusa (Humour)
Beebhatsa (Repulsion)
Raudra (Terrible)
Karuna (Sad)
Veer (Heroic)
Bhayanak (Fearful)
About (Wondrous)
Shan't (Peaceful)