Question

Q2. Give reasons.
(a) Salinity is low in the land-locked
Baltic Sea.
(b) There is higher salinity in the northern
Red Sea while lower in the southern.
(c) Oceans located at the same latitude
do not have same salinity.
(d) With increasing depth, the temperature
of sea water decreases to a certain
limit.
04. I
(e) There are more salt-pans on the
Western coast of India than its eastern
coast.
(f) Salinity increases in the mid-
latitudinal zones.
1​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. ans1 ) because in land locket sea the process of evaporation is less
2. there are not connected to any lakes pond or sea

Explanation:

ans 2) because in red Sea the process of evaporation is high compared to Northern sea and it is warmer than northern area therefore the amount of salt 36 percent per thousand .

and in Northern sea the process of evaporation is low and it is cooler than red Sea therefore the amount of salt in Northern sea is 32. percent per thousand

ans 3 ) because in sea the water get mixed through the lakes and it also depends that how much it rains there and number of hurricane in those sea therefore oceans located at the same altitude do not have same salinity example Indian ocean Atlantic ocean

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Answer 2

(a) Baltic Sea is located in temperate region and is a part of Northern Atlantic ocean. Baltic sea is a landlocked sea and hence ocean currents of Atlantic Ocean do not make change in its properties. Despite being a landlocked sea, less temperature, less evaporation and good supply of fresh water due to melting of ice caps resulted in less salinity of Baltic Sea.

(b) Red Sea in an inlet part of an Indian ocean which is located between the Northeast Africa and Arabian Peninsula. It is competitively a narrow, elongated Sea. The southern end of the sea is towards the Indian ocean while the northern is as good as a landlocked sea. Salinity and temperature currents of Indian Ocean largely influence and control the salinity and temperature of Southern end. Currents do not affect much on Northern side of the Red Sea. Besides, this part is surrounded by Sahara and Arabian desert. High and more evaporation have resulted in high salinity of the northern part of Red Sea.

(c) Salinity of seawater is determined by the factors like temperature, supply of fresh water and landlocked or open nature of sea. Hence, the effect of latitudinal location is comparatively less significant factor of on salinity of the sea. As a result the salinity of sea is not uniform even on the same latitude.E.g., the salinity of Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean is not same despite being on same latitude.

(d) Most of the sun rays radiate back from the surface of the sea, while some of them penetrate to certain depth in the water. As a result the intensity of sun rays decreases with increasing depth. Hence, with increasing depth, temperature of sea water decreases to certain limit.

(e) Arabian Sea lie to the west of India. This sea is located in the tropical belt. Arabian sea is exposed to clear sky and hence bright sunlight. The temperature as well as the rate of evaporation of Arabian Sea is always high. Narmada and Tapi are the only two major rivers of India meet Arabian Sea, which is less as compared to fresh water supply that the Bay of Bengal receive. As a result, the salinity of Arabian Sea is as high as 36%. In comparison, even though the Bay of Bengal is also located in tropical belt, it is surrounded by land on three sides. Sky over the Bay of Bengal is cloudy for most of the day in the year. Cyclones developing in this area also have its effect. Besides, all major rivers of India and Bangladesh namely Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Meghna (i.e. Brahmaputra + Ganga + Padma) empty in Bay of Bengal and provide abundant supply of fresh water. As a result, the salinity of Bay of Bengal is less at 32%, which is almost 4% less than Arabian sea.

With higher temperature and salinity, conditions to develop salt pans along the Arabian Sea are more conducive. Hence, the Western coast of India along Arabian sea has more salt pans than the eastern coast of India along the Bay of Bengal.

(f) Mid latitudinal belt between 25⁰ and 35⁰ latitude in both  the hemispheres has less rainfall. The proportion of fresh water supply by rivers is also less in this region. This belt also has the major deserts of the world and hence the rate of evaporation is more in the adjacent region of these deserts. All these reasons together are responsible for increasing salinity of seawater in mid latitudinal region.