Question

Que.What is the basic principle of vaccination? How do vaccines prevent microbial infections? Name the organism from which hepatitis B vaccine is produced.

Answer 1

$\underline{The \: principle\: of\: vaccination}$ is based on the property of memory' of the immune system. In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins pathogens or inactivated/live but weakened pathogens introduced into the body. The antigens generate the primary immune response by producing antibodies. The vaccines also generate the memory B-cells and T- cells.
When the vaccinated person is attacked by the same pathogens, the existing memory B-cells or T-cells rccognise the antigen quickly and overwhelm the invaders with massive production of lymphocytes and antibodies. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from yeast.

Answer 2

Edward Jenner discovered vaccination and that Pasteur invented vaccines. Indeed, almost 90 years after Jenner initiated immunization against smallpox, Pasteur developed another vaccine—the first vaccine against rabies.Vaccines are like a training course for the immune system. They prepare the body to fight disease without exposing it to disease symptoms. When foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, immune cells called lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies, which are protein molecules.The diseases vaccines prevent can be dangerous, or even deadly. Vaccines reduce your child's risk of infection by working with their body's natural defenses to help them safely develop immunity to disease. When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply.

It is often said that English surgeon Edward Jenner discovered vaccination and that Pasteur invented vaccines. Indeed, almost 90 years after Jenner initiated immunization against smallpox, Pasteur developed another vaccine—the first vaccine against rabies.Vaccines are like a training course for the immune system. They prepare the body to fight disease without exposing it to disease symptoms. When foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, immune cells called lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies, which are protein molecules.The diseases vaccines prevent can be dangerous, or even deadly. Vaccines reduce your child's risk of infection by working with their body's natural defenses to help them safely develop immunity to disease. When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply.Hepatitis B vaccines contain one of the proteins from the surface of the hepatitis B virus