Question 1
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a)Why are the lines of longitudes also called meridians?
(b)(i)What is meant by the inclination of the Earth’s axis?
(ii)At what angle is the Earth’s axis inclined?
(c)State two differences between rocksand minerals.
(d)Explain the following terms:(i)Exfoliation(ii)Oxidation
(e)(i)What are the Jet streams?(ii)State any one importance of
Jet streams.
(f)Draw a well labelled diagram of (i) orographic rainfall and
(ii) convectional rainfall.
(g)(i)Name anytwo sources of soil pollution.
(ii)State the impact of soil pollution on agricultural production.
(h)With reference to the Natural regionsof the world answer the following:
(i)Why does the Taiga region notexist in the Southern hemisphere?
(ii)Prairies are called the granaries of the world.
(i)How does the rotation of the earth influencethe direction of the ocean
currents?
(j)(i)What is Coriolis Effect?
(ii)How does it affect the planetary winds?
please answer in 2-3 lines
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(a)Lines of longitudes are not parallel to each other but intersect the equator at right angles and end at the North and South poles.They are also called meridians as meridians are not parallel lines but lines of intersection.
(b)(I)The tilted position of the Earth's axis is known as inclination of the Earth's axis. The Earth's rotation axis makes an angle of about 66.5° with the plane of its orbit around the Sun or about 23.5° from the perpendicular to the elliptical plane. This inclination is the reason we experience different seasons on the Earth.
(ii) The angle of inclination of earth`s axis is 66 1/2o to the plane of the Earth`s orbit around the sun.
(c)A mineral is a solid formation that occurs naturally in the earth while a rock is a solid combination of more than one mineral formations which is also occurring naturally.
A mineral has a unique chemical composition and is necessarily defined by its crystalline structure and shape. On the other hand, since a rock can be composed of several minerals it is classified according to the process of its formation. A rock can also contain organic remains and mineraloids apart from regular mineral formations. There are some rocks that may include just one mineral formation though.
The commercial value of minerals is immense and rocks are mined to extract these minerals. Such rocks are known as ores and the residue of the rock after the mineral has been extracted is called tailing.
(d)(I)Sudden temperature changes may cause fissures into which water penetrates which in turn stimulated chemical weathering. Most rocks are good conductors of heat. The sudden contraction and expansion peels off the outer layer known as exfoliaton.
(ii)The addition of oxygen is called oxidation.
The removal of hydrogen is called oxidation.
The loss of electrons is called oxidation.
(I)Jet streams are streams of air that flow horizontally through the upper layers of the troposphere from west to east direction. They flow at an altitude of 20,000-50,000 feet. Jet streams develop where air masses of differing temperatures meet. Greater difference in temperature means faster velocity of winds. The polar jets are the strongest jet streams followed by subtropical jets.
(ii)Since these hot and cold air boundaries are most pronounced in winter, jet streams are the strongest for both the northern and southern hemisphere winters.
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(b)(I)The tilted position of the Earth's axis is known as inclination of the Earth's axis. The Earth's rotation axis makes an angle of about 66.5° with the plane of its orbit around the Sun or about 23.5° from the perpendicular to the elliptical plane. This inclination is the reason we experience different seasons on the Earth.
(ii) The angle of inclination of earth`s axis is 66 1/2o to the plane of the Earth`s orbit around the sun.
(c)A mineral is a solid formation that occurs naturally in the earth while a rock is a solid combination of more than one mineral formations which is also occurring naturally.
A mineral has a unique chemical composition and is necessarily defined by its crystalline structure and shape. On the other hand, since a rock can be composed of several minerals it is classified according to the process of its formation. A rock can also contain organic remains and mineraloids apart from regular mineral formations. There are some rocks that may include just one mineral formation though.
The commercial value of minerals is immense and rocks are mined to extract these minerals. Such rocks are known as ores and the residue of the rock after the mineral has been extracted is called tailing.
(d)(I)Sudden temperature changes may cause fissures into which water penetrates which in turn stimulated chemical weathering. Most rocks are good conductors of heat. The sudden contraction and expansion peels off the outer layer known as exfoliaton.
(ii)The addition of oxygen is called oxidation.
The removal of hydrogen is called oxidation.
The loss of electrons is called oxidation.
(I)Jet streams are streams of air that flow horizontally through the upper layers of the troposphere from west to east direction. They flow at an altitude of 20,000-50,000 feet. Jet streams develop where air masses of differing temperatures meet. Greater difference in temperature means faster velocity of winds. The polar jets are the strongest jet streams followed by subtropical jets.
(ii)Since these hot and cold air boundaries are most pronounced in winter, jet streams are the strongest for both the northern and southern hemisphere winters.
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