Question

Question 11.1 Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of

(i) B to Tl and

(ii) C to Pb.

Class XI The p-Block Elements Page 323

Answer 1

1) B to TI. The common oxidation States are +1 and +3. The stability of +3 oxidation State decreases from B to TI. +1 oxidation State increases from B to TI. 2) C to On. The common oxidation States are +4 and +2. The stability of +4 oxidation State decreases from C to Pb and +2 oxidation State increases from C to Pb ( The variable oxidation State shown due to The inert pair effect) Please mark it as a brainiest

Answer 2

(i) B and Tl : boron and aluminum show an oxidation state + 3 only because they don't exhibit inert pair effect due to absence of d- or f- orbitals . elements from Ga to Tl show two oxidation state e.g., +1 and +3 . the tendency to show +1 oxidation state increases down the group due to the inability of ns² electrons of valance shell to participate in bonding which is called inert pair effect. therefore, Tl+ is more stable than Tl3+ .

(ii) Carbon and Silicon show an oxidation state of +4 only. in heavier members the tendency to show +2 oxidation state increases in the sequence Ge < Sn < pb. it is due to the inability of ns² electrons of valance shell to participate in bonding (inert pair effect ).Ge forms stable compounds in +4state and only few compounds in +2 state. Sn forms compounds in both the oxidation states and lead compound in +2 oxidation state is more stable than +4 oxidation state.