Question 12: Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA (b) RNA and DNA (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
Class 12 - Biology - Biotechnology : Principles and Processes Page 206
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(a) Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA
Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule in bacteria that is capable of replicating, independent of chromosomal DNA.
Chromosomal DNA is the entire DNA of an organism present inside chromosomes.
(b) RNA and DNA
RNA
DNA
1.
RNA is a single stranded molecule.
DNA is a double stranded molecule.
2.
It contains ribose sugar.
It contains deoxyribose sugar.
3.
The pyrimidines in RNA are adenine and uracil.
The pyrimidines in DNA are adenine and thymine.
4
RNA cannot replicate itself.
DNA molecules have the ability to replicate.
5
It is a component of the ribosomes.
It is a component of the chromosomes.
(c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
Exonuclease
Endonuclease
It is a type of restriction enzyme that removes the nucleotide from 5’ or 3’ ends of the DNA molecule.
It is a type of restriction enzyme that makes a cut within the DNA at a specific site to generate sticky ends.
Plasmid DNA
Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule in bacteria that is capable of replicating, independent of chromosomal DNA.
Chromosomal DNA is the entire DNA of an organism present inside chromosomes.
(b) RNA and DNA
RNA
DNA
1.
RNA is a single stranded molecule.
DNA is a double stranded molecule.
2.
It contains ribose sugar.
It contains deoxyribose sugar.
3.
The pyrimidines in RNA are adenine and uracil.
The pyrimidines in DNA are adenine and thymine.
4
RNA cannot replicate itself.
DNA molecules have the ability to replicate.
5
It is a component of the ribosomes.
It is a component of the chromosomes.
(c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
Exonuclease
Endonuclease
It is a type of restriction enzyme that removes the nucleotide from 5’ or 3’ ends of the DNA molecule.
It is a type of restriction enzyme that makes a cut within the DNA at a specific site to generate sticky ends.
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