Question 2:
Discuss some of the social and ecological costs of the kind of development which has been pursued in most countries.
Answers
ANSWER :
The concept of development has undergone many changes over the years. In the beginning developing countries followed Western concept of development. In India five year plan were started. Concept of development adopted in underdeveloped countries and developing countries has been criticized because development models have proved very costly. Most of the developing countries are under heavy debts and the economic growth is also very slow. Poverty, unemployment and diseases still exist in these countries.
This model of development has also had High social costs. Due to big projects a lot of people have been displaced from their houses and localities. Displacement created the problem of refugees and lot of people lost their livelihood. Due to displacement traditional skills may be lost. There is also a loss of culture. Such displacement has led to struggle in many countries. In India, the Narmada Bachao Andolan is going on against the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada. Problem of displacement of over 1 million people has arisen. Majority of this people belong to the tribal and Dalit communities. Moreover the dam would upset the ecological balance, submerging large tracts of forest. Development has also affected the environment. Building of commercial Enterprises along the Shore line is considered the main cause of Tsunami. The ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is melting due to the increase emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In short, in the long run ecological crisis will badly affect all of us.
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