Question number 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19
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10.
Ans.
Explain any three reasons for which the multi-purpose projects and large dams have
come under great scrutiny and opposition in the recent years.
a. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
b. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
c. The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
11. Ans. Mohan owns a farm in Uttar Pradesh. He wishes to cultivate either Jute or Sugarcane. Which crop out of these two should he cultivate keeping in mind the conditions required for their growth? Explain.
a. He should cultivate Sugarcane as the geographical conditions it requires are available in Uttar Pradesh.
b. Sugarcane grows well in hot and humid climate
c. Requires a temperature of 21°C to 27°C
d. Needs annual rainfall between 75cm. and 100cm.
e. Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. f. It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs manual labour from sowing to 3 harvesting. All these conditions are available in Uttar Pradesh.
12. Ans. Distinguish between the Unitary and Federal systems of government. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. In federal system government and its powers are divided at Union and State level, in some countries even at local self-level. In this system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. In federal system State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people. Or any other valid point.
13. Ans. “Three factors are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions.” Elaborate upon the statement. First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. Second, it depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. Third, it depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups. If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country.
14. Ans. Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens? Clarify.
a. Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.
b. But the example of Sri Lanka exhibits that a democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome: That democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to 3 represent the general view. That rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc.
15. Ans. Mohit is 28 years of age, has 65 kg of body weight and is 1.4 meters tall. Calculate his BMI. Find out whether he is under nourished or over weight. Why?
His BMI is 33.16 He is over weight Because his BMI is more than 25.
a. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
b. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
c. The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
11. Ans. Mohan owns a farm in Uttar Pradesh. He wishes to cultivate either Jute or Sugarcane. Which crop out of these two should he cultivate keeping in mind the conditions required for their growth? Explain.
a. He should cultivate Sugarcane as the geographical conditions it requires are available in Uttar Pradesh.
b. Sugarcane grows well in hot and humid climate
c. Requires a temperature of 21°C to 27°C
d. Needs annual rainfall between 75cm. and 100cm.
e. Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. f. It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs manual labour from sowing to 3 harvesting. All these conditions are available in Uttar Pradesh.
12. Ans. Distinguish between the Unitary and Federal systems of government. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. In federal system government and its powers are divided at Union and State level, in some countries even at local self-level. In this system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. In federal system State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people. Or any other valid point.
13. Ans. “Three factors are crucial in deciding the outcome of politics of social divisions.” Elaborate upon the statement. First of all, the outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate. Second, it depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. Third, it depends on how the government reacts to demands of different groups. If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country.
14. Ans. Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens? Clarify.
a. Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.
b. But the example of Sri Lanka exhibits that a democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome: That democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to 3 represent the general view. That rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc.
15. Ans. Mohit is 28 years of age, has 65 kg of body weight and is 1.4 meters tall. Calculate his BMI. Find out whether he is under nourished or over weight. Why?
His BMI is 33.16 He is over weight Because his BMI is more than 25.
19. Ans. Illustrate with examples that food offers many opportunities of long-distance cultural exchange.
a. Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.
b. Even ‘ready’ foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins like spaghetti and noodles or, perhaps Arab traders took pasta to fifthcentury Sicily, an island now in Italy.
a. Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.
b. Even ‘ready’ foodstuff in distant parts of the world might share common origins like spaghetti and noodles or, perhaps Arab traders took pasta to fifthcentury Sicily, an island now in Italy.
c. Similar foods were also known in India and Japan, so the truth about their origins may never be known. Yet such guesswork suggests the possibilities of long-distance cultural contact even in the pre-modern world.
d. Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes, and so on were not known to our ancestors until about five centuries ago.
e. These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent that would later become known as the Americas.
e. These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent that would later become known as the Americas.
16. ans Amrita : features of formal sector job
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14. Ans. Do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens? Clarify.
a. Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes.
b. But the example of Sri Lanka exhibits that a democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this outcome: That democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to 3 represent the general view. That rule by majority does not become rule by majority community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc.
15. Ans. Mohit is 28 years of age, has 65 kg of body weight and is 1.4 meters tall. Calculate his BMI. Find out whether he is under nourished or over weight. Why?
His BMI is 33.16 He is over weight Because his BMI is more than 25.
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