Question

Rate of decarboxylation of carboxylic acids depends on

Answer 1

$\huge\mathbb\red{Hey\:Mate}$

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The rate of decarboxylation of picolinic acid

1 is greater than isonicotinic acid 2 Zwitterion 4 has been proposed as the intermediate. Note that the electron pair is in the sigma framework. An electrostatic stabilization is proposed that requires that the charges be proximate. A competitive reaction in base (no zwitterion) demonstrated that 1 decarboxylated >100 times faster than 2 which was recovered after 20 days. Since nicotinic acid 3 is inexpensive and wasn't studied by the researchers, I suspect that it is stable also.

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