Read the following paragraph about the causes of pollution and the possible solutions and tabulate the same information
Answers
Types of Pollution:
On the basis of the substrate affected by the pollutant, pollution can be majorly classified into:
Air Pollution:
The contamination of air thus making it unfit for breathing is known as Air Pollution. It is measured in terms of the particulate matter concentration present in the air i.e. PM2.5 AND PM10, which means particles smaller than 2.5 and 10 micrometers, respectively, which must be less than the WHO recommendation for the healthy consumption.
Effects:
Air Pollution is posing a serious threat to both flora and fauna. Air pollution is believed to end lives of over 20 lakh people every year. Incurable respiratory diseases among animals, aorist rainfall, acid rain, global warming, depletion of ozone layer, the rise in temperature, withering of plants, drought-like conditions, the grimy appearance of buildings etc. are only because of air pollution.
If you have observed the haze in summers and smog in winters then you can better understand what really air pollution is leading to and if the rate at which pollution is increasing right now continues then soon quality air for breathing will cease to exist and the whole ecosystem will be disturbed.
Solution:
The industries should be set up far from residential areas and proper filters should be used to check out toxic emissions from the industries.
Deforestation should be stopped and afforestation should be promoted.
Power Plants emissions should be controlled.
Migrating towards cleaner sources of energy like solar and wind energy.
Water Pollution:
Contamination of water bodies thus making it unfit for consumption/use is known as water pollution. It is measured by physical, chemical and biological testing which involves different tests such as TDS, turbidity, TSS, COD, TPH etc.
What causes water pollution?
It is majorly caused due to the discharge of harmful chemical waste by industries directly into the water bodies. Other than this, improper sanitation, spraying insecticides and pesticides on crops, bathing and washing clothes near rivers or ponds i.e. eutrophication etc also add to the water pollution causing a rise in water pollution.
Solution:
The domestic and sewage water should be recycled by correctly mixing it with soil which increases the fertility of the soil. The industrial toxic waste, on the other hand, should not be disposed of directly in the water bodies at all. Alternative disposable techniques should be developed or should be disposed of after proper treatment. The use of pesticides and insecticides should be minimized in order to save ground water.
Soil Pollution:
Contamination of soil/land thus making it infertile by the use of pesticides, insecticides or by deposition of harmful industrial waste or by improper disposal of human waste is known as soil pollution. Soil erosion also counts under soil pollution only. It is measured by typical salt analysis and pH tests.
What causes soil pollution?
The major cause is landfill activities performed in order to dispose of human waste, industrial waste etc. directly in the land. Other than this, use of non-biodegradable materials is highly active which again causes land pollution, use of pesticides, insecticides etc. also add up with deforestation leading to soil pollution. Industries generate hazardous waste from mining, petroleum refining, pesticide manufacturing and other chemical production. Disposition of electronic waste, radioactive waste etc also pose a serious threat to environment and land.
Solution:
Industrial waste should be disposed of after proper treatment.
Humans should follow 3R’s rule i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle thus leading to less waste.
Radioactive waste should not be disposed of directly in the land.
Use of chemical pesticides/insecticides should be minimized.
Deforestation should be minimized.