Question

Read the passage below :
Pollution is the fouling of the environment—land, water and air—by waste, smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances. The most serious pollution occurs where there are large cities and many factories. Every industrial country faces the problem of waste. As factories produce new goods for people to buy, old ones are thrown out with the household rubbish. Burning this refuse pollutes the air, dumping it in rivers and seas pollutes the water, and rubbish, tips are unpleasant and take up much needed space. Getting rid of plastics is particularly difficult. Wood and paper decay after some time through the action of bacteria. But plastics never decay. The more we throw away, the more litter is produced.
The world's oceans have been used as 'dustbins', with millions of tonnes of rubbish being dumped into the sea every year, harming marine life. If too much untreated sewage is poured into seas, lakes, and rivers from sewers, the water can no longer dilute it. All the oxygen in the water is used up and the fish die. The bacteria which normally break down the sewage into harmless substances also die; only harmful bacteria which do not need air remain, and these cause diseases.
Smoke from factory chimneys and exhaust gases from motor vehicles pollute the air. Chemicals in the air combine with moisture to make acids which eat away stones and bricks, and therefore damage buildings. Carbon monoxide gas and substances called hydrocarbons given out by the engines of cars, lorries, can damage people's health. Ridding out the world of pollution is an unimaginably big task.
On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions as briefly as possible. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct serial number.
(a) What is meant by environment?
(b) Name any three factors that lead to pollution.
(c) What is the problem faced by the industrial countries?
(d) The special problem related with the rubbish of plastics is that ......................
(e) What is that kills the fish in the polluted water?
(f) 'Chemicals in the air' (Para 3). Where do these chemicals come from?
(g) Exhaust gages harm not only our health but also ..........................
(h) Give an example to show how the bacteria can help us.

Answer 1

(a) Natural conditions—land, water and air in which we live.
(b) Waste, smoke and chemicals.
(c) The problem of waste.
(d) plastics never decay.
(e) Lack of oxygen.
(f) From the smoke given out by chimneys and exhaust gases from motor vehicles.
(g) buildings.
(h) They break down the sewage into harmless substances.

Answer 2

Answer:

land water and air 2 waste smoke chemicals and other harmful substances industrial country faces the problem of waste buy plastics