Question

Read the passage given below and answer the question that fallow.
Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the
systems were nationalised as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest
networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems. Its
operations cover twenty-nine states and seven union territories and also provide limited
international services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Indian Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees, with over 1,307 million employees. As for rolling stock, IR holds over 231,281
freight wagons, 62924 Passenger coaches and 9,013 locomotives.
The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1853, there
was not a single kilometer of railway line in India. By 1929 there were 66,000 Km (41,000
mi) of railways lines serving most of the districts in the country. At that point of time, the
railways represented a capital value of some British Sterling Pounds 687 million and carried
over 620 million passengers and approximately 90million tons of goods a year. The railways
in India were a group of privately owned companies. The military engineers of the East India
Company later of the British India Army, contributed to the birth and growth of the railways
which gradually become the responsibility of civilian technocrats and engineers. The period
between 1920 and 1929 was a period of economic boom; there were 66,000 Km of railway
lines serving the country; the railways represented a capital value of some 687 million
sterling; and they carried over 620 million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of
goods each years. Following the Great Depression, the railways suffered economically for the
next eight years. The Second World War severely crippled the railway. Starting 1939, about
40% of the rolling stock including locomotives and coaches was taken to the Middle East, the
railways workshops were converted to ammunitions workshops and many railway tracks
were dismantled to help the Allies in the war. By 1946, all rail systems had been taken over
by the government.
(b) how did IR help the British to establish themselves in India ?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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