Read the three passages below about the Mauryas, Guptas, and the Cholas. What patterns can you establish amongst the ancient Indian kingdoms such as these?
Mauryas
Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan empire by defeating the Nandas under the guidance of his strategist, Chanakya. His descendants further expanded the empire through wars and conquests till Ashoka adopted Buddhist principles to govern his empire peacefully. The Mauryan empire was the first pan-Indian Empire, established through a huge army power. Agriculture remained the most important source of revenue for the king. Large cities came up during the Mauryan period and trading was done with major cities across the world. Ashoka sent Buddhist emissaries across the world to places like Nepal, Pakistan, Greece, Rome and South East Asia. The Ashoka pillar and rock structures had sculptures apart from inscriptions of his edicts. Ashoka also built several stupas, the famous one being the Sanchi Stupa.
Guptas
The Gupta kings were aggressive conquerors. Chandragupta I inherited a small kingdom near Magadha ; but he and his descendants created a huge empire spanning across the entire North of India through conquests, possible through a strong army. The Gupta period is called the Golden Age of India owing to the progress made in Math, Science and Astronomy. The kings patronized literature, music and dance forms. Agriculture was the main economic activity along with a flourishing international trade with Central Asia, Rome and South East Asia. The Guptas promoted Hinduism and built several temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu. These temples had intricate sculptures depicting various epics and mythological stories.
Cholas
Cholas peaked during Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola. During the peak, the Cholas controlled not only the South of India but also had influence over some parts of North India, Srilanka and SouthEast Asia. Strong navy helped them consolidate power in the South Asian region. Cholas are famous for their irrigation systems that supported their main economic activity, agriculture. They were staunch worshippers of Shiva and built huge temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temples also served as platforms to patronize music, dance, Vedic chants and literature. The temple cities were centres of religion, trade and various cultural & economic activities. Their trading relationships were spread far and wide to Europe, Central Asia and SouthEast Asia.
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