relation between settling velocity and hydraulic loading rate in sedimentation tank
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Settling
Solid liquid separation process in which a suspension is separated into two phases –
Clarified supernatant leaving the top of the sedimentation tank (overflow).
Concentrated sludge leaving the bottom of the sedimentation tank (underflow).
Purpose of Settling
To remove coarse dispersed phase.
To remove coagulated and flocculated impurities.
To remove precipitated impurities after chemical treatment.
To settle the sludge (biomass) after activated sludge process / tricking filters.
Principle of Settling
Suspended solids present in water having specific gravity greater than that of water tend to settle down by gravity as soon as the turbulence is retarded by offering storage.
Basin in which the flow is retarded is called settling tank.
Theoretical average time for which the water is detained in the settling tank is called the detention period.
Types of Settling
Type I: Discrete particle settling - Particles settle individually without interaction with neighboring particles.
Type II: Flocculent Particles – Flocculation causes the particles to increase in mass and settle at a faster rate.
Type III: Hindered or Zone settling –The mass of particles tends to settle as a unit with individual particles remaining in fixed positions with respect to each other.
Type IV: Compression – The concentration of particles is so high that sedimentation can only occur through compaction of the structure.
Solid liquid separation process in which a suspension is separated into two phases –
Clarified supernatant leaving the top of the sedimentation tank (overflow).
Concentrated sludge leaving the bottom of the sedimentation tank (underflow).
Purpose of Settling
To remove coarse dispersed phase.
To remove coagulated and flocculated impurities.
To remove precipitated impurities after chemical treatment.
To settle the sludge (biomass) after activated sludge process / tricking filters.
Principle of Settling
Suspended solids present in water having specific gravity greater than that of water tend to settle down by gravity as soon as the turbulence is retarded by offering storage.
Basin in which the flow is retarded is called settling tank.
Theoretical average time for which the water is detained in the settling tank is called the detention period.
Types of Settling
Type I: Discrete particle settling - Particles settle individually without interaction with neighboring particles.
Type II: Flocculent Particles – Flocculation causes the particles to increase in mass and settle at a faster rate.
Type III: Hindered or Zone settling –The mass of particles tends to settle as a unit with individual particles remaining in fixed positions with respect to each other.
Type IV: Compression – The concentration of particles is so high that sedimentation can only occur through compaction of the structure.
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