Relation of Auranzeb with the Marathas?
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The story of the relations of the Marathas with Aurangzeb is given in the next chapter. Suffice it to say that Aurangzeb sent Shayista Khan against Shivaji in 1663, but the latter failed to subdue him and with great difficulty escaped with his life. Later on, Prince Muazzam and Raja Jai Singh were sent against Shivaji. Jai Singh forced Shivaji to sign the treaty of Purandhar in 1665. Shivaji attended the Mughal Court at Agra in 1666. Although he was placed under detention, he managed to escape to his headquarters in the Deccan. Prince Muazzam and Jaswant Singh were sent against him.
After the death of Shivaji in 1680, Aurangzeb carried on the struggle against Sambhaji. The latter was arrested and put to death. His son, Sahu, was put in prison where he remained till 1708.
After the execution of Sambhaji in 1680, the struggle was carried on by Raja Ram up to 1700. After his death, the same struggle was successfully carried on by his widow, Tara Bai. In spite of his best efforts, Aurangzeb failed to crush the Maratha resistance. He had completely failed in his mission.
About Aurangzeb's war against the Marathas, Dr. K. M. Panikkar says that "For about 20 years, the Emperor chased his own shadow. He marched up and down, attacked and conquered fortresses but the Maratha resistance became stronger as years went by. It was a nation at war against an enemy.
The Maratha campaign became what the Spanish campaign was to become for Napoleon, a running sore where his superiority in almost every calculable factor counted for nothing against a country in arms. After a strenuous campaign led by the Emperor in person against Maratha strongholds, lasting for over 6 years, Aurangzeb came back a broken and defeated man and died. The Marathas had not only not been put down, but were in effective possession of a greatest territory and had attained enormous national prestige by their successful resistance.
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Relationship of Aurangzeb with the Marathas
The story of the relations of the Marathas with Aurangzeb is given in the next chapter. Suffice it to say that Aurangzeb sent Shayista Khan against Shivaji in 1663, but the latter failed to subdue him and with great difficulty escaped with his life. Later on, Prince Muazzam and Raja Jai Singh were sent against Shivaji. Jai Singh forced Shivaji to sign the treaty of Purandhar in 1665. Shivaji attended the Mughal Court at Agra in 1666. Although he was placed under detention, he managed to escape to his headquarters in the Deccan. Prince Muazzam and Jaswant Singh were sent against him.
After the death of Shivaji in 1680, Aurangzeb carried on the struggle against Sambhaji. The latter was arrested and put to death. His son, Sahu, was put in prison where he remained till 1708.
After the execution of Sambhaji in 1680, the struggle was carried on by Raja Ram up to 1700. After his death, the same struggle was successfully carried on by his widow, Tara Bai. In spite of his best efforts, Aurangzeb failed to crush the Maratha resistance. He had completely failed in his mission.
About Aurangzeb's war against the Marathas, Dr. K. M. Panikkar says that "For about 20 years, the Emperor chased his own shadow. He marched up and down, attacked and conquered fortresses but the Maratha resistance became stronger as years went by. It was a nation at war against an enemy.
The Maratha campaign became what the Spanish campaign was to become for Napoleon, a running sore where his superiority in almost every calculable factor counted for nothing against a country in arms. After a strenuous campaign led by the Emperor in person against Maratha strongholds, lasting for over 6 years, Aurangzeb came back a broken and defeated man and died. The Marathas had not only not been put down, but were in effective possession of a greatest territory and had attained enormous national prestige by their successful resistance.
Consequences of the Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb
Some of the main consequences of the Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb were as under:
(1) The Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb had far-reaching consequences. If Napoleon could say that "It was the Spanish ulcer which ruined me." Aurangzeb could also say that the Deccan wars not only undid his own work but also those of his predecessors. No wonder, V. A Smith remarks that the Deccan was not only the grave of his body but also of his Empire.
It was foolish on the part of Aurangzeb to have conquered the States of Bijapur and Golconda. It is true that their Rulers were Shias, but Aurangzeb ought to have subordinated his religious zeal to statesmanship. He ought to have known that in practical politics many things are done by statesmen which are hardly approved of by them.
Anyhow, the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda destroyed the check on the Marathas. It was difficult for Aurangzeb to deal with the Marathas from so distant a place as Delhi. No wonder, he had to spend the rest of his life in the Deccan to subdue the Marathas.
It was a fatal step which Aurangzeb took. On account of his absence from the North for a quarter of a century, the administration of the country was thrown out of gear. It led to the breakup of the Mughal Empire after his death. The Provincial Gove-nors and Faujdars defied the Central Authority and there was nothing to curb them. The result was that towards the end of his life, Aurangzeb could see his own Empire breaking up.
A lot of money was wasted in the Deccan wars. Ai: the top of it, when money was most needed to carry on the war in the Deccan, not much could be realised from the various provinces on account of the weakening of the Central Authority. It was during this period that the Jats and Sikhs got an opportunity to strengthen their hands.
(2) The operations of the Imperial Armies, especially the numerous sieges, led to a total destruction of forests and grass. The huge Mughal Forces, totalling 1, 77,000 including non- combatants, ate up everything green. The Maratha raiders destroyed whatever they could not carry. They fed their horses on the standing crops and brunt the houses and property which they could not carry on account of their weight.
When Aurangzeb retired in 1705, the country presented a scene of Uttar desolation. According to Manucci, "He left behind him the fields of these provinces devoid of trees and bear of crops, their places being taken by the bones of men and beasts."
HOPE IT HELPS YOU. ✌ ✌
Relationship of Aurangzeb with the Marathas
The story of the relations of the Marathas with Aurangzeb is given in the next chapter. Suffice it to say that Aurangzeb sent Shayista Khan against Shivaji in 1663, but the latter failed to subdue him and with great difficulty escaped with his life. Later on, Prince Muazzam and Raja Jai Singh were sent against Shivaji. Jai Singh forced Shivaji to sign the treaty of Purandhar in 1665. Shivaji attended the Mughal Court at Agra in 1666. Although he was placed under detention, he managed to escape to his headquarters in the Deccan. Prince Muazzam and Jaswant Singh were sent against him.
After the death of Shivaji in 1680, Aurangzeb carried on the struggle against Sambhaji. The latter was arrested and put to death. His son, Sahu, was put in prison where he remained till 1708.
After the execution of Sambhaji in 1680, the struggle was carried on by Raja Ram up to 1700. After his death, the same struggle was successfully carried on by his widow, Tara Bai. In spite of his best efforts, Aurangzeb failed to crush the Maratha resistance. He had completely failed in his mission.
About Aurangzeb's war against the Marathas, Dr. K. M. Panikkar says that "For about 20 years, the Emperor chased his own shadow. He marched up and down, attacked and conquered fortresses but the Maratha resistance became stronger as years went by. It was a nation at war against an enemy.
The Maratha campaign became what the Spanish campaign was to become for Napoleon, a running sore where his superiority in almost every calculable factor counted for nothing against a country in arms. After a strenuous campaign led by the Emperor in person against Maratha strongholds, lasting for over 6 years, Aurangzeb came back a broken and defeated man and died. The Marathas had not only not been put down, but were in effective possession of a greatest territory and had attained enormous national prestige by their successful resistance.
Consequences of the Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb
Some of the main consequences of the Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb were as under:
(1) The Deccan Policy of Aurangzeb had far-reaching consequences. If Napoleon could say that "It was the Spanish ulcer which ruined me." Aurangzeb could also say that the Deccan wars not only undid his own work but also those of his predecessors. No wonder, V. A Smith remarks that the Deccan was not only the grave of his body but also of his Empire.
It was foolish on the part of Aurangzeb to have conquered the States of Bijapur and Golconda. It is true that their Rulers were Shias, but Aurangzeb ought to have subordinated his religious zeal to statesmanship. He ought to have known that in practical politics many things are done by statesmen which are hardly approved of by them.
Anyhow, the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda destroyed the check on the Marathas. It was difficult for Aurangzeb to deal with the Marathas from so distant a place as Delhi. No wonder, he had to spend the rest of his life in the Deccan to subdue the Marathas.
It was a fatal step which Aurangzeb took. On account of his absence from the North for a quarter of a century, the administration of the country was thrown out of gear. It led to the breakup of the Mughal Empire after his death. The Provincial Gove-nors and Faujdars defied the Central Authority and there was nothing to curb them. The result was that towards the end of his life, Aurangzeb could see his own Empire breaking up.
A lot of money was wasted in the Deccan wars. Ai: the top of it, when money was most needed to carry on the war in the Deccan, not much could be realised from the various provinces on account of the weakening of the Central Authority. It was during this period that the Jats and Sikhs got an opportunity to strengthen their hands.
(2) The operations of the Imperial Armies, especially the numerous sieges, led to a total destruction of forests and grass. The huge Mughal Forces, totalling 1, 77,000 including non- combatants, ate up everything green. The Maratha raiders destroyed whatever they could not carry. They fed their horses on the standing crops and brunt the houses and property which they could not carry on account of their weight.
When Aurangzeb retired in 1705, the country presented a scene of Uttar desolation. According to Manucci, "He left behind him the fields of these provinces devoid of trees and bear of crops, their places being taken by the bones of men and beasts."
HOPE IT HELPS YOU. ✌ ✌
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