response of landlords,peasants,industralists,and industrial worker in civil disobedence movement
Answers
Answer:a. Rich peasants
The Civil Disobedience Movement was an active movement which was introduced to break certain laws, commands and demands of the government or of occupying international power. It is the movement that symbolizes the violation of certain laws rather than the rejection of the system as a whole. The movement saw the wide participation of many social groups including the rich peasants.
The rich peasant communities, like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh, were active participants of the movement in the countryside. The Great Depression had affected the rural peasants and farmers. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and declined sharply after the 1930s. As the demand for agricultural goods fell in the domestic and international market, exports declined and there was a persistent glut of commodities. Though the agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government did not reduce their revenue collection. The peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.
The refusal of the government to reduce the revenue led to widespread protests and movements. The rich peasants became active supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement for this cause. They actively organised the members of their communities, to participate in the boycott movement. For them, the fight was a struggle against high revenues and taxes.
c. Poor peasants
The Great Depression had affected the rural peasants and farmers. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and declined sharply after the 1930s. As the demand for agricultural goods fell in the domestic and international market, exports declined and there was a persistent glut of commodities. Though the agricultural prices fell sharply, the colonial government did not reduce their revenue collection. The peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.
The poorer peasantry was not just only in the lowering the revenue collection by the government. Many of them were small tenants cultivating in rented lands. They had to pay their rent and a share of their produce to the landlords. As the Depression continued and their incomes reduced, the tenants found it difficult to pay their rents. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted and settled. They joined a variety of movements upholding their interests. But this often led to the displeasure of the rich peasants and landlords. Thus for them, it was a struggle against high revenue and rents.
d. Industrial working class
The movement did not witness the wide participation of the industrial working classes, except in the Nagpur region. The main reason for this was the active participation of the big industrialists. The industrialists stood against the limiting policies of the British government that restricted the business activities in India.
But, some workers participated in the movement. They selectively adopted some of the ideas of the Gandhian policy like the boycott of foreign goods. Their participation in the movement was driven by the low wages and poor working conditions. The railway workers and the dockworkers participated in struggles in 1930 and 1932 respectively. Thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhian caps and participated in protests, rallies and boycott campaigns. Thus, they were also active participants of the movement.
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