Role of nurse in iodine deficiency disorders control programme
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Answer:
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) is the most widely distributed endemic disease and end angers the largest number of people in the world. One-third of the world’s population lives in iodine-deficient areas, and 32 countries have a low level of iodine intake [1, 2]. In the 1970s, iodine deficiency disorders could be observed at different epidemic levels in China, with the threatened population amounting to approximately 370 million [3]; 35 million endemic goiter patients and 250 thousand endemic cretinism patients were observed [4, 5].
Iodine is an indispensablemicroelement of the human body and plays a key role in metabolism, including enhancing protein synthesis, promoting growth and maintaining normal brain function [6]. Additionally, iodine is an essential element for normal thyroid function. The common symptoms of IDDs are endemic goiter, cretinism, abortion, stillbirths, congenital malformationand intellectual disturbance
The elimination of IDD is eminently possible. We are at a turning point in our battle against the ancient and pervasive scourge of iodine deficiency. IDD control programme in India is one of the success stories of public health in India. The current 92 per cent household level coverage of iodized salt in India, of which 78 per cent is adequately iodized salt, is a huge achievement.
INTRODUCTION
Iodine is essential micronutrient. It is required at 100-150 micrograms daily for normal human growth and development. Deficiency of nutritional iodine in the food/ diet is called as Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
It affects people of all ages, both sexes and different socioeconomic status.
• Iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to decreased availability of iodine to the fetus.
BURDEN OF DISEASE:
Iodine deficiency disorders are worldwide major public health problem.
They affect a large segment of population in all continents of our planet and have been with us from generations.
As per information, more than 1.5 bollion people allover the world are at risk of IDD.
IDD are preventable in 130 countries, affecting 13% of the world population.
In India, it is estimated that more than 350 million people are at risk, while the number of persons suffering from IDD is above 71 million.
Among newborns, 8.1 million and among pregnant women, 8.9 million are at risk of IDD.
The surveys conducted by ICMR AND Medical institutes have clearly demonstrated that not even a single state/ union territory is free from the problem.
Sample surveys have been conducted in 28 states and 7 union territories, which have revealed that out of 324 districts surveyed 263 districts are IDD endemic.
PREVENTION:
. The simplest method to prevent the broad spectrum of IDD is to consume Iodated salt daily.
The supply of iodated salt is to ensure availability of not less than 150 micrograms of iodine per person per day.
NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER CONTROL PROGRAM
Realizing the magnitude of the problem, the government of India launched a 100 percent centrally assisted National Goiter Control Program (NGCP) in 1962. In august 1992, National Goiter Control Program (NGCP) was renamed the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP) with a view to cover a wide spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorder like mental and physical retardation, deaf-mutism, cretinism, still-births, abortion etc.
OBJECTIVES
Survey to assess the magnitude of the Iodine Deficiency Disorder.
Supply of Iodated salt in place of common salt.
Resurvey after every 5 year to assess the extent of Iodine
Deficiency Disorder and the impact of iodated salt.
Laboratory monitoring of isolated salt and urinary Iodine excretion.
Health education & publicity.
To learn more about iodized salt
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