Question

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4. Answer the following questions in 60-80 words:
a) The process of digestion starts with ingestion Name and describe the others
stages of digestion
b) Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow
Organism A lives in association with organism B Organism A provides shelter, water
and nutrients to organism B and organism provides nutrients to organism A
Organism C penetrates its roots into the stem of organism D and absords is nutrients it
slows down the growth of organism D
(1) What type of heterotroph is organism A?
(i) What type of heterotroph is organism C?
(iii) Give two examples of each type











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Answer 1

Explanation:

Animals, for the most part, ingest their food as large, complex molecules that must be broken down into smaller molecules (monomers) that can then be distributed throughout the body of every cell. This vital function is accpomplished by a series of specialized organs that comprise the digestive system. Representative digestive systems are shown in Figure 1.

Digestive System | Back to Top

Single-celled organisms can directly take in nutrients from their outside environment. Multicellular animals, with most of their cells removed from contact directly with the outside environment, have developed specialized structures for obtaining and breaking down their food. Animals depend on two processes: feeding and digestion.

Animals are heterotrophs, they must absorb nutrients or ingest food sources. Ingestive eaters, the majority of animals, use a mouth to ingest food. Absorptive feeders, such as tapeworms, live in a digestive system of another animal and absorb nutrients from that animal directly through their body wall. Filter feeders, such as oysters and mussels, collect small organisms and particles from the surrounding water. Substrate feeders, such as earthworms and termites, eat the material (dirt or wood) they burrow through. Fluid feeders, such as aphids, pierce the body of a plant or animal and withdraw fluids.