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Answers
Hooke’s Law:-
Hooke’s Law states that for small deformities, the stress and strain are proportional to each other. Thus,
Stress ∝ Strain
Or, Stress = k × Strain … where k is the constant of proportionality and is the Modulus of Elasticity. It is important to note that Hooke’s Law is valid for most materials.
Stress-Strain Curve:-
To determine the relation between the stress and strain for a given material, let’s conduct an experiment. Take a test cylinder or wire and stretch it by an applied force. Record the fraction change in length (strain) and the applied force needed to cause the strain. Increase the applied force gradually, in steps, and record the readings.
Now, plot a graph between the stress (which is equal in magnitude to the applied force per unit area) and the strain produced.
The relationship between the stress and strain that a particular material displays is known as that particular material's stress–strain curve. It is unique for each material and is found by recording the amount of deformation (strain) at distinct intervals of a variety of loadings (stress).
Stress :
- Stress is defined as the force per unit area of a material.
- i.e. Stress = force / cross sectional area:
- Strain is defined as extension per unit length.
- Strain = extension / original length.
- Strain has no units because it is a ratio of lengths.