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Natural technologies of wastewater treatment use modified natural self-treatment processes that take place in the ground soil and water environment.
Wastewater with high organic content and high load of fats, oils, oil derivatives without pre-treatment are unsuitable for natural wastewater treatment systems.
Natural treatment methods are used either as only WWT solutions for dwelling, hotels, recreational facilities, restaurants and summer camps, if it is allowed by national legislation, or for polishing after septic tank or packaged WWT plant discharge or for infiltration of treated wastewater.
Constructed Wetlands
Constructed treatment wetlands represent a biological treatment stage – secondary and/or tertiary. It is based on slow filtration of pre-treated wastewater. It may also be used for tertiary treatment of effluent from WWT plants with activated sludge process.
Constructed wetlands are constructed filtration systems planted with vegetation (most often reed) with defined filter material and direction of wastewater flow. The basic principle of this method for sewage treatment is the flow of wastewater through the filtration system, which is planted with vegetation. There are three types of constructed wetlands used – sub-surface flow constructed wetland, surface flow constructed wetland, hybrid system – a combination of subsurface flow and surface flow systems.