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Explanation:
S.N. Character Active Transport Passive Transport
1. Definition The movement of molecules across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy) is called Active transport. The movement of molecules within and across the cell membrane and thus transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP (energy) is called Passive transport.
2. Energy requirement Energy is required which is in the form of ATP. No energy is required.
3. Concentration Gradient The movement of molecules is from low concentration to high concentration which means they move against the concentration gradient. The movement of molecules is from high concentration to low concentration, which means they move along the concentration gradient.
4. Direction of movement With the use of ATP, it pumps the molecules upwards. In this, the molecules are moved downwards.
5. Carrier Protein or Pumps Active transport requires carrier proteins. In passive transport carrier proteins are not involved. However, in facilitated diffusion certain channels are present which utilize no energy.
6. Involvement of matrix or permeases Matrix or permeases of the membrane are not involved. It takes place through matrix/channels/permeases.
7. Efficiency of the Process It is a rapid process. It is comparatively a slow process.
8. Principle of Working Active transport allows molecules to pass the cell membrane, disrupting the equilibrium established by the diffusion. A dynamic equilibrium of water, nutrients, gasses, and wastes is maintained by passive transport
Between cytosol and extracellular environment.
9. Directionality Occurs in one direction. Bidirectional process.
10. Process type Active transport is a vital process. Passive Transport is a physical process.