Sapnonification define this
Answers
Saponification is a process that involves conversion of fat or oil into soap and alcohol by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous alkali (e.g. NaOH). Soaps are salts of fatty acids whereas fatty acids are saturated monocarboxylic acids that have long carbon chains (at least 10) e.g. CH3(CH2)14COOH.
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It's the process by which the esters in fats are broken down to yield fatty acid salts (in which the acidic proton of the fatty acid is replaced by an ion like sodium) and glycerol.
The product of interest is generally considered to be the fatty acid salts, so the glycerol is separated off.
Natural soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, originally made by boiling lard or other animal fat together with lye or potash.
This process is called Saponification and is know to man since ancient days.
Thus Soaps are nothing but Sodium or Potash salts of higher fatty acids.
For Eg. : Glyceryl Stearate, C3H5(C17H35COO)3 and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) react to form Sodium Stearate (C17H35COONa)
(which is the soap) and glycerol, or glycerine(propane-1,2,3-triol), which is water soluble.