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Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1st answer] Sodium has eleven electrons which are arranged as 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second and 1 in the outermost valence shell.
- Hence, its electronic configuration will be – (2,8,1).
- Chlorine has 17 electrons which are arranged as 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second and 7 in the outermost valence shell.
- Hence, its electronic configuration will be – (2,8,7).
- As a result of the electronegativity difference, chlorine being the more electronegative atom has a tendency to extract the outermost electron of sodium thereby completing the octet (2,8,8) and becomes chloride ion (Cl−). Ans 2] An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions. The ions have a regular, repeating arrangement called an ionic lattice . The lattice is formed because the ions attract each other and form a regular pattern with oppositely charged ions next to each other. Examples of such crystals are the alkali halides, including potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, sodium fluoride. Ans 3] The factors which determine the type of bond that will be formed between two atoms are as follow:
- Ionization energy.
- Electronegativity difference between two atoms.
- Electron affinity.
State of the atom, etc. Ans 4] Sigma bond is a chemical bond formed by the linear or co-axial overlapping of the atomic orbitals of two atoms. A pi bond is a type of covalent bond that exists between atoms where the electrons are on top and bottom of the axis connecting the nuclei of the joined atoms. Ans 5] a) Formation of N _{ 2 } molecules by valence bond theory : The electronic configuration of 'N' atom is 2, 5 and to have Octet in the valence shell it requires three more electrons.
b}It requires two more electrons to get Octet in its valence shell. Therefore oxygen atoms come close and each oxygen atom contributes two electrons for bonding. Thus there exist two covalent bonds between two oxygen atoms in O _{ 2 } molecule as there are two pairs of electrons shared between them.