Question

sci - show position of endocrine gland in human body and write their function.

Answer 1

The Endocrine System Essentials

The endocrine system is made up of a network of glands.These glands secrete hormones to regulate many bodily functions, including growth and metabolism.Endocrine diseases are common and usually occur when glands produce an incorrect amount of hormones. Simply put, the endocrine system is a network of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones to help your body function properly. Hormones are chemical signals that coordinate a range of bodily functions. The endocrine system works to regulate certain internal processes. (Note: endocrine shouldn’t be confused with exocrine. Exocrine glands, such as sweat and salivary glands, secrete externally and internally via ducts. Endocrine glands secrete hormones internally, using the bloodstream.) The endocrine system helps control the following processes and systems:Growth and developmentHomeostasis (the internal balance of body systems)Metabolism (body energy levels)ReproductionResponse to stimuli (stress and/or injury) The Endocrine NetworkThe endocrine system completes these tasks through its network of glands, which are small but highly important organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. The glands of the endocrine system are:HypothalamusPineal GlandPituitary GlandThyroidParathyroidThymusAdrenalPancreasOvariesTestes These glands produce different types of hormones that evoke a specific response in other cells, tissues, and/or organs located throughout the body. The hormones reach these faraway targets using the bloodstream. Like the nervous system, the endocrine system is one of your body’s main communicators. But instead of using nerves to transmit information, the endocrine system uses blood vessels to deliver hormones to cells.

Answer 2

Glands of the Human Endocrine System

Here is a simple summary of the locations of the main endocrine glands in the human body, and the hormones secreted by these glands.

Locations in the body of the main Endocrine Glands:
Hormones secreted by the main Endocrine Glands:
Table listing each main of endocrine gland together with the hormones secreted and their functions:

1. Hypothalamus

Part of the Brain: The Control and Relay Centre of the Endocrine System.

2. Pituitary (more detailed info)

Sometimes called the "Master Gland", the pituitary gland is part of the brain consists of three lobes called "anterior", "interior" and "posterior".

Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland:

Oxytocin 
Functions:Stimulates utrine contraction and brest contraction for milk release.Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), 
also known as "vasopressin"
Functions:Stimulates re-absorption of water from kidney tubules.Hypo- causes Diabetes Insipidus 
(large amounts of urine produced).Prolactin (PRL) 
Functions:Production of breast milk (works in men too).Human Growth Hormone (HGH) 
Functions:GrowthHypo- DwarfismHyper- GigantismThyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 
Functions:Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin.Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) 
Functions:Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce:
Corticosteriods:mineral corticoidsglucocorticoidscortisol (natural anti-inflammatory)androgens, e.g. acdosteroneLuteinizing Hormone (LH) 
Functions:Brings about ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 
Functions:Stimulates growth/development of Graafin follicles (= a mature follicle in the ovary prior to ovulation, containing a large fluid-filled cavity that distends the surface of the ovary) on approx. 28 day cycle.Melanin Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Gonadotrophins 
Functions:Secondary sexual characteristicsInterstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) 
Functions:Works on the seminiferous tubules in the testes – to produce sperm – which take 21 days to mature. (If not ejaculated within 21 days, the sperm are re-absorbed back into the body.)Intermedin 
Functions:Control of melanocyte production.

2(b) Pineal

A pea-sized mass of nerve tissue attached by a stalk to the posterior wall of the third ventricle of the brain, deep between the cerebral hemispheres at the back of the skull. 
(It functions as a gland, secreting the hormone melatonin - which regulates the pituitary gland and is associated with the biological clock.)

Hormone(s):

Melatonin 
Functions:A hormone produced by the pineal gland in darkness but not in bright light.Melatonin receptors in the brain react to this hormone and synchronize the body to the 24 hour day/night rhythm, thus informing the brain when it is day and when it is night.Melatonin is derived from seratonin, with which it works to regulate the sleep cycle.

3(a). Thyroid Gland

Part of the Thyroid/Parathyroid Gland, which is in the neck.

Hormone(s):

Thyroxin 
Functions:Re. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy the body uses, just to ‘tick over’.

Hyper-Thyroidism = ‘over-active thyroid’ = Thyrotoxicosis
Symptoms: increase in BMR; increase in heart-rate; loss of weight; hyper-activity; insomniac; develops bulging eyes due to accumulation of fluid behind the eye; may develop Goitre; possible link with Attention Deficit Disorder.

Hypo-Thyroidism
Symptoms; decrease in BMR; weight gain; lethargy; skin becomes dry and puffy; hair becomes thin and brittle. 
Causes: Derbyshire Neck (originally due to insufficient iodine in the soil in Derbyshire), Graves Disease, and Cretinism (= metal and sexual development imapaired, if occurs in children).

Calcitonin 
Functions:Uptake of calcium to bone