Question

*Science Homework*
28.08.2021
Chapter - Structure of Atom
*Work No - 36*
Do the following questions in the notebook :
1. Define atom.
2. Compare the properties of protons, electrons and neutrons in the tabular form.
3. Why atom is considered as electrically neutral, although it contains both positively and negatively charged particles?
4. Define atomic number and mass number.
5. Explain Bohr and Bury's rule for electronic configuration.
6. What are isotopes? Give the uses of the isotopes.
7. What are isobars? Give examples.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

1st:An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines achemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. ... The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons

2nd:Protons, electrons and neutrons have different properties like different charge, mass and stability. Protons are positively charged particles. Electrons are negatively charged particles. Neutrons are neutral particles which mean that they have no charge.

3rd:An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called electrons. The positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. ... Protons and neutrons have nearly equal masses, but they differ in charge.

4th:Neutral atoms of each element contain an equal number of protons and electrons. The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and is used to distinguish one element from another. ... Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number.

5th:The electrons first occupy the shell with the lowest energy i.e., closest to the nucleus. The first or the innermost energy shell (K or n = 1) can take only two electrons. The second shell (L or n = 2) can contain upto 8 electrons. From third shell (M or n = 3) onwards, the shells become bigger.

6th:In other words, isotopes are variants of elements that differ in their nucleon numbers due to a difference in the total number of neutrons in their respective nuclei. For example, carbon-14, carbon-13, and carbon-12 are all isotopes of carbon.

7th:Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars would be 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, and 40Ca.

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