share your understanding on the role of individual nutrients in gene expression support your answer with relevant example
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Nutrients as Regulators of Gene Expression
Macronutrients (carbohydrate, lipids, and protein) play a fundamental role in mammalian growth and development by serving as a source of energy as well as components for the synthesis of structural and regulatory components of cells. Certain macronutrients also affect cell function through changing circulating hormones (e.g., glucose regulation of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells). We have known for many years that certain micronutrients, like vitamins A and D, have dramatic effects on gene expression through the regulation of intracellular receptors that bind promoters of specific genes.
The notion that macronutrients, or their metabolites, might also affect gene expression is a new concept that has emerged over the last decade. It is now clear that certain macronutrients (or their metabolites) affect gene expression and lead to changes in the abundance of key proteins that function at critical steps in metabolic pathways or control cell division or differentiation . Here, I briefly describe how three macronutrients (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and dietary fat) affect gene expression to change cell metabolism