Question

short answers Genaro characters of kingom monera

Answer 1

Monera (Monos – single) includes prokaryotes and shows the following characters:

They are typically unicellular organisms (but one group is mycelial). The genetic material in these organisms is the naked circular DNA. A nuclear envelope is absent. Both, ribosomes and simple chromatophores, are the only subcellular organelles in the cytoplasm.

Sap vacuoles do not occur. Instead, gas vacuole may be present. 

The predominant mode of nutrition is absorptive but some groups are photosynthetic (holophytic) and chemosynthetic.

The organisms are non-motile or move by the beating of simple flagella or by gliding.

Bacteria Shape

Cocci: They are oval or spherical in shape.

Bacilli: They are rod-shaped. They may or may not have flagella.

Vibrios: These are small and ‘comma or kidney’ like. They have a flagellum at one end and are also motile. Vibrio bacteria has a curve in its cell.

Spirillum: They are spiral or coiled like a cork­screw. The spiral forms are usually rigid and bear two or more flagella at one or both the ends e.g., Spirillum, Spirochaetes etc.

Filament: Just like fungal mycelia, the body of the bacterium is filamentous. The filaments are very minute in size. Examples include Beggiota, Thiothrix etc.

Stalked: The body of bacterium possesses a stalk e.g., Caulobacter.

Budded: The body of the bacterium is swollen at places e.g., Rhodomicrobiu


Autotrophic bacteria:These bacteria are able to synthesize their own food from inorganic substances, as green plants do. They derive their carbon from carbon dioxide. The hydrogen needed to reduce carbon to organic form comes from sources such as atmospheric H2, H2S or NH3.

Heterotrophic bacteria:Most of the bacteria cannot synthesize their own organic food. They consequently depend on external organic materials. They require at least one organic compound as a source of carbon for their growth and energy. Such bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria are of three types­: Parasites, Saprotrophs and Symbionts
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Answer 2

The word Monera is derived from the Greek word 'moneres' that means 'single', which is in reference to the single-celled prokaryotes.