short note on physical features of india short note containg imp information
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1) Himalayan mountains.
* it is geologically a young and structures folded mountain.
*it runs from east - west covering a distance of 2,400 km
*Width- 150km to 400km
*Longitudinal divisions:
The great Himalayas / Himadri
The lesser Himalayas/ Himachal
The Shiwaliks
*It's divisions on the basis of West - east:
Punjab Himalayas
Kumaon "
Nepal "
Assam "
2) Northern plains
*It has been formed by 3 major river systems:
Indus
Ganga
Brahmaputra and their tributaries
*It is formed of alluvial soil
*Area- 7,00,000 (lakh) sq km.
* it is densely populated because it is agriculturely very productive due to the rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate.
*It is broadly divided into 3:
Ganga plains
Brahmaputra "
Punjab "
*It also can be divided into 4 regions :
Bhabar
Terai
Bhangar
Khadar
3) peninsular plateau
*It is a tableland considering old crystalline, metamorphic and igneous rocks.
*It consists of two broad divisions:
Central Highland
Deccan plateau
*The Central Highland lies to North of Narmada river covering a major area of Malwa plateau
* The Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of Narmada.
*A distinct feature of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Deccan trap.
*The western ghats and Eastern ghats mark the western and Eastern edges of he Deccan plateau respectively.
5)The Indian desert
*it is towards the western margins of the aravalli hold
*this region receives very low rainfall below 150mm per year.
*Luni is the only large river in this region
6)The coastal plain
*The narrow coastal strip's flank the peninsular plateau running along the Arabian sea on the west and the bay of Bengal on the east
*The western coastal plain has 3 sections:
Konkan(north)
Kannada(center)
Malabar (south)
*the eastern coastal plain has 2 sections:
Northern circur
coromandal coast
7) The island
*there are two group of islands:
Andaman and nicobar islands
Lakshadweep islands
*Lakshadweep islands lie on the Arabian sea and it is composed of small coral islands.
*It covers an area of 32sq km and Kavaratti is the administrative headquarters of it.
*Andaman and nicobar islands are elongated Hain of islands lieing on the bay of Bengal.
*These islands are on elevated portion of submarine mountains .
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Major Physiographic Divisions:
The whole India is normally divided into the following major areas:
1. The Himalayan Mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Indian Desert
5. The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands
The Himalayan Mountains
Being the youngest mountains in the world, the Himalayas are categorized as folded mountains. They spread along the northern border of India forming an arc which of about 2400 km varying in width from abotu 150~400km.
The Northern Plain
Formed by three river systems: the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra this plain is composed of an extremely good alluvial soil. It's characteristic is the time it had been deposit which goes in millions of years.
The Peninsular Plateau
A tableland which is mainly made by rocks. They seem to be the oldest of rock as it is supposed that they were formed from a part of the Gondwana land which drifted away. Features characteristic for the plateau are broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills.
The Indian Desert
It is situated around the western margins of the Aravali Hills. The rainfall in the regions is merely about150 mm a year and so the vegetation is scanty at best. The only significatn river in the area is called Luni. Barchans are a characteristic part of the scenery there
The Islands
It's important to not that the Islands around India are really diverse in terms of flora and fauna. It's good to mention the biggest archipelagos - Lakshadweep as well as Andaman & Nicobar Islands.