Question

Short notes on steroid hormones​

Answer 1

Short notes on steroid hormones​

Steroid hormones​:

Steroid hormones are fat-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol. Hormones are molecules produced and secreted by endocrine glands in the body. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble molecules.They are secreted by three “steroid glands”—the adrenal cortex, testes, and ovaries—and during pregnancy by the placenta. They are transported through the bloodstream to the cells of various target organs where they carry out the regulation of a wide range of physiological functions.

Steroid Hormone Mechanism of Action :

The steroid hormone mechanism of action can be summarized as follows:

• Steroid hormones pass through the cell membrane of the target cell.
• The steroid hormone binds with a specific receptor in the cytoplasm.
• The receptor bound steroid hormone travels into the nucleus and binds to another specific receptor on the chromatin.
• The steroid hormone-receptor complex calls for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which code for the production of proteins.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Steroid hormone, any of a group of hormones that belong to the class of chemical compounds known as steroids; they are secreted by three “steroid glands”—the adrenal cortex, testes, and ovaries—and during pregnancy by the placenta. All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. They are transported through the bloodstream to the cells of various target organs where they carry out the regulation of a wide range of physiological functions.

These hormones often are classified according to the organs that synthesize them: the adrenal steroids are so called because they are secreted by the adrenal cortex, and the sex hormones are those produced by the ovaries and testes. This distinction is not exclusive, however, because the adrenal cortex also secretes sex hormones, albeit to a lesser extent than do the gonads, and the ovaries under abnormal conditions may produce adrenal steroids.

The adrenal cortex produces the adrenocortical hormones, which consist of the glucocorticoids and the mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol control or influence many metabolic processes, including the formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids and the deposition of glycogen in the liver. Glucocorticoids also help to maintain normal blood pressure, and theiranti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions have rendered them useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and preventing the rejection of transplanted organs. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone help maintain the balance between water and salts in the body, predominantly exerting their effects within the kidney.

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