short summary In time of drought
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Drought is an insidious natural hazard that is a normal part of the climate in virtually all regions. It should not be viewed as only a physical phenomenon. Rather, drought is the result of an interplay between a natural event and the demand placed on water supply by human-use systems.
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Drought is an insidious natural hazard that may cause tremendous loss to agriculture, ecosystems, and other sectors. Reliable drought monitoring and early warning are important for drought preparedness planning and mitigation to reduce potential impacts, especially for early famine warnings. Traditionally, drought monitoring is usually based on drought indices. Some of these well-known indices that use precipitation as input include Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) (Palmer, 1965) among others. These drought indices have their own advantages and limitations. Therefore, combining or utilizing multiple indices can achieve better results. For example, the US Drought Monitor (USDM) classifies drought conditions into different drought categories to provide composite drought information by integrating multiple drought indices. The integrated indices have been widely used to help decision-making at local to state levels. In a recent study, Hao et al. (2016) applied an ordinal regression model to characterize droughts in USDM drought categories based on several drought indices, in which the probability of each drought category can be estimated. By taking advantage of real-time precipitation data from remote sensing, these drought assessment and quantification methods can provide prompt estimation of the severity of droughts to assist decision makers in taking timely and appropriate action in order to save millions of lives in drought-affected areas.
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