Short summary of civics class 8 chapter 1 the Indian constitution
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For the proper functioning of a country, laws are necessary.
A Constitution consists of a set of rules and principles to govern the country.
The Indian Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly which was formed in December 1946.
The Constituent Assembly consisted of 300 members in 1946. It was headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
The Constituent Assembly completed the work in two years, eleven months and eighteen days.
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950.
The main features of the Indian Constitution are Federalism, parliamentary form of government, separation of powers, fundamental rights, an independent judiciary, and secularism.
Six fundamental rights have been granted to the citizens of India.
A secular state is that which does not officially promote any particular religion as the state religion.
Society is bound to a certain set of rules which makes it what it is and differentiates it from other kinds of society. These rules, in large societies in which different communities of people live together, are formulated through consensus. In modern countries, this consensus is usually available in written form. A written document in which we find such rules is known as a Constitution.
Constitution lays certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens aspire to live in.
A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. This includes the type of government and also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country should uphold.
Principles and ideals of a monarchy are quite different from those of a democracy. Therefore soon after the transition in the governing system in Nepal, the government started the process of making a new Constitution of Nepal because the earlier one did not suit their new setup.
The country of Nepal needs to change all its constitutive rules in order to usher in a new democratic society for which people had struggled for a long period.
The Constitution defines the nature of a country’s political system. In a monarchy, king is the supreme power whereas in a democracy people rule the country. The government is run by the representatives elected by people at large.
The Constitution also describes rules that guard against misuse of power by the leaders. In India such provisions have been made in the section of Fundamental Rights.
The Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Equality. In one of the Fundamental Rights to all persons and says that no citizen can be discriminated against on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, and place of birth.
The Constitution ensures that a dominant group does not use its power against other, less powerful people or groups.
The Constitution also contains rules that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything that is normally available to the majority. Thus the Constitution prevents the tyranny or domination by the majority of a minority.
The Constitution helps to protect us against certain decisions that we might take that could have an adverse effect on the larger principles that the country believes in.
After independence, it was unanimously agreed that India should be a democratic state where everyone must avail equal opportunity.
For this, there was a need for Constitution which could ensure a perfect democracy. A group of around three hundred people who became members of the Constituent Assembly in 1949 and who met periodically for the next three years to write Indian Constitution.
There were so many factors, most of them quite contrary to each of them, to be assimilated with clear cut explanations that made the task very difficult. However, the Constitution was finalised with a lot of unique features.
Federalism: The existence of more than one levels of government in the country.
Representative: The person who is elected by people through a general election to represent a constituency in the government.
Secularism: A system under which a state does not officially promote any one religion as a state religion.
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