Question

Show that the Arctic's maritime borders are sources of geopolitical demands and issues ( at least ten lines) NO COPY PAST ON A SITE READ the documents

Answer 1

Answer:

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Linking boundaries and economics

As in many parts of the world, boundary disputes also exist in the Arctic. Their significance, however, is not their potential for confrontation but the hampering of cooperation and in turn the economic development that Arctic states seek. Oil and gas projects need clear boundaries to proceed. Fisheries quotas are determined partially with reference to maritime zones. Shipping needs clear divisions of responsibilities in case of an emergency. Within the maritime domain, establishing clear boundaries can be a positive-sum game, where all parties benefit from progress.

What are maritime boundaries?

In contrast to territory on land, states do not permanently occupy maritime areas. Maritime zones and boundaries are the invention of a legal regime that has developed over the last century.6) This legal regime entitles each coastal state to rights in the adjacent maritime space: a maximum 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf, which can be extended further given adequate proof of its geological contiguity. Entitlements to rights at sea and the continental shelf (like the exploitation of marine resources) are the expression of a state’s territory on land. It is the shape and size of this that determine what can be claimed at sea. Thereafter, maritime boundaries between states are used to delineate both these zones of rights.Establishing clear maritime boundaries between states – based on the Law of the Sea Convention – also requires cooperation. Cooperation takes the form of dialogue, negotiations, and agreeing on compromise in favor of the larger goal: undisputed zones of rights and responsibilities. At the same time, boundaries are crucial for fostering cooperation. Having defined maritime domains enables states to cooperate more easily on issues such as transboundary resources and environmental protection. This relationship is thus circular and interconnected, as we cannot separate one aspect from the other.

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