Show the formation of NaCl (Sodium chloride) by the transfer of electrons between the combining elements. Also give reasons as to why ionic solids are hard and conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state and not in solid state.
Answers
Answer:
Pls see the explanation below
Explanation:
1. When sodium and chlorine atoms come together to form sodium chloride (NaCl), they transfer an electron. The sodium (Na) atom transfers one electron to the chlorine (Cl) atom, in order to attain complete octet . With the transfer of the electron, however, they become electrically charged, and combine into salts through the formation of ionic bonds.
The sodium ion now has only ten electrons, but still has eleven protons. This upsets the balance of charges between the protons and electrons, which causes the sodium atom to have a net positive charge. When this happens, the atom is called a positive ion. The chloride ion now has eighteen electrons and seventeen protons, so it's become a negative ion.
Because the sodium ion has a positive charge, and the chlorine ion has a negative charge, they are attracted to each other, and form an ionic bond. This bond is very strong through out the the lattice structure of sodium chloride which is reason for high melting point of sodium chloride.
2. In ionic compounds, electricity is conducted by ions. In solid state, ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces and are not free to move about within the solid. Hence, in molten state or in solution form, the ions are free to move and can conduct electricity.