Sickle-cell anemia is a disease characterized by rigid and sticky red blood cells that are shaped like crescent moons. The diagram below shows the same portion of the amino acid chain in normal hemoglobin and in sickle-cell hemoglobin. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
This diagram suggests that sickle-cell anemia is a result of
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Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
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Sickle-cell anemia a disorder affecting red blood cells, the cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
Normally, red blood cells are flexible discs that glide smoothly through the blood vessels. In people with sickle cell anemia, these blood cells are stiff and sickle- or crescent-shaped. Because of their stiffness, these abnormal red blood cells may get stuck inside small blood vessels. This can cause episodes of pain, known as pain crises. The sickle cells can also cause other symptoms, such as swelling of the hands or feet, and they can damage organs.
Red blood cells in sickle cell anemia die more quickly than their normal counterparts. The normal lifespan of healthy red blood cells is around 120 days, while the red blood cells of sickle cell anemia patients typically live for about 10 to 20 days. This results in a red blood cell deficiency known as anemia. People with anemia may get tired easily because they have fewer red blood cells delivering oxygen throughout the body.