social and economic conditions of punjab under gupta
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The History of the Punjab refers to the history of the Punjab region, a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.[1] Ancient Punjab was the primary geographical extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which was notable for advanced technologies and amenities that the people of the region had used. During the Vedic period, Punjab was referred to as Sapta Sindhu, or the Land of Seven Rivers. Punjab was historically a Hindu-Buddhist region during this period, known for its scholarship, technology, and arts. Intermittent wars between various kingdoms were characteristic of the time, except when they temporarily unified under centralised Indian Empires or invading powers.
The region of Punjab
Once Islamic rule in India began, it continued throughout a long period of the region's history, and much of Western Punjab became a centre of Islamic culture on the Indian subcontinent. An interlude of Sikh rule under the Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Sikh Empire briefly saw traditional culture resurface, until the British annexed the region into the British Raj. Following the end of colonial rule, Punjab was partitioned on religious lines - the Sikh and Hindu majority districts of East Punjab went to India, while the remaining Muslim majority districts of West Punjab went to Pakistan.
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Hinduism affected the social structure of the Gupta Empire. It divided the people into five classes called the Caste System. The highest were the priests/teachers, then the warriors, the merchants/artisans, unskilled workers and lastly, the untouchables. The merchant and other traders were organized into guilds. These guilds were given concessions in the taxes that were liable to be paid to the government.