social conditions of nepal in long
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Nepal retains its centuries-old caste system. Dalits, the most discriminated people under this system, suffer from restriction on the use public amenities, deprivation of economic opportunities, and general neglect by the state and society.
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Nepal has acceded to all major human rights treaties, and the Nepal Treaty Act of 1990 stipulated that provisions in international treaties to which Nepal is a party will supersede Nepalese law where there is divergence. In 2003, the government, in cooperation with civil society, has drawn up Nepal's first National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP). The first of its kind in the region, the Action Plan is intended to give equal attention to civil, political, cultural, economic and social rights.
The Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare has the role of coordinating gender mainstreaming efforts in Nepal. Key legislative measures aimed at the promotion of gender equality and the elimination of discrimination against women in Nepal include: the five-year strategic plan of the National Women’s Commission (2009-2014); the Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act, 2009; the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007; the National Women’s Commission Act, 2007; and the Gender Equality Act, 2006. The National Women Commission (NWC) was established by the Government of Nepal through an executive decision in 2002 and a separate Act was promulgated in 2007. It has a legal mandate to monitor and investigate cases of violence against women, providing legal aid, monitor the state obligations to UN reporting under CEDAW, coordinate with government and other agencies for mainstreaming gender policy in national development and recommending and monitoring for the reforms by making research.