Question

Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions. They owned estates in the country side and also town-houses. They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of marriage.
This powerful airstocracy was, however, numerically a small group. The majority of the population was made up of the peasantry.
To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners, while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern fo landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.

(a) Why landed aristrocracy was dominant?
(b) Infer the importance of French language used by aristrocrats?
(c) How was landholding characterised in eastern and central Europe?

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

• The landed aristocracy was dominant because the members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions.
• They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy and in high society.
• To the west, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners, while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterized by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.

Explanation:

1. The landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. They had their own town-houses and estates in the country. They were connected by the ties of marriage.

2. French studies were basic to aristocrats which included in their educational system as well. Aristocracy would acquire French along with native speakers at school, home etc while living in Europe. Whereas, the middle class would learn from books, school etc. Even the English nobles would speak French which eventually became their second language.

3.  In Eastern and Central Europe landholding was characterized by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs. These serfs who were slaves lived on the land of the land owners and worked to grow crops for themselves and their lord, in exchange for a place to live. They were also expected to pay rent.