soekarno's concept of guided democracy
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Sukarno became the head of government again.
Sukarno proposed a threefold blend of nasionalisme ('nationalism'), agama ('religion'), and komunisme ('communism') into a co-operative Nas-A-Kom (or Nasakom) governmental concept. This was intended to appease the three main factions in Indonesian politics — the army, Islamic groups, and the communists. With the support of the military, he proclaimed in February 1957, 'Guided Democracy', and proposed a cabinet representing all major political parties (including the Communist Party of Indonesia, although the latter were never actually given functional cabinet positions). From that time, there was no Western-style general election in Indonesia until the 1999 election of the Reformasi era.
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