soil formation process?
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Soil minerals form the basis of soil. They are produced from rocks (parent material) through the processes of weathering and natural erosion. Water, wind, temperature change, gravity, chemical interaction, living organisms and pressure differences all help break down parent material.
Soils are formed through the interaction of five major factors: time, climate, parent material, topography and relief, and organisms. The relative influence of each factor varies from place to place, but the combination of all five factors normally determines the kind of soil developing in any given place.
Time. Climate, Temperature and moisture influence the speed of chemical reactions, which in turn help control how fast rocks weather and dead organisms decompose. Soils develop faster in warm, moist climates and slowest in cold or arid ones. Rainfall is one of the most important climate factors in soil formation.
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Soil Formation:-
Soil formation is a very slow process. Thousands of years are taken just to form a thin layer of soil.
Many natural conditions are required for formation of soil. Its quality varies from place to place. There is a difference in colour, texture and also fertility.
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Some factors on which soil formation depends are as follows:-
- Climatic conditions
- Parent rock material
- Relief features
- Humus
- Time period
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⟼ Climatic conditions:- Climatic conditions play most important role in soil formation. It depends on the distribution of rainfall.
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⟼ Parent rock material:- Parent rocks are described as the one from which soil is formed It also determines the colour, texture, minerals present and chemical properties of the soil.
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⟼ Relief features:- The altitude and nature of the slope is dependable on the rate of weathering and drainage of water.
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⟼ Humus:- It is the dead remains of plants and animals. It is very beneficial for soil as it provides organic matter to it.
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⟼ Time period:- The soil of any place takes a long duration for developing a soil profile, Time, determines the thickness also.
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