Question

Soil profile and open stomata

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Answer 1

Answer:

Soil profile:

A soil profile is a vertical section of soil like the diagram above. It allows you to examine the structure of soil. A soil profile is divided into layers called horizons. The A horizon is where there is most soil life and is sometimes called topsoil.

Open stomata:

In general, stomata open by day and close at night. During the day, photosynthesis requires that the leaf mesophyll be exposed to the air to get CO2. At night, the stomata close to avoid losing water when photosynthesis is not occurring.

Answer 2

Explanation:

soil profile :

The soil profile is an important tool in nutrient management. By examining a soil profile, we can gain valuable insight into soil fertility. As the soil weathers and/or organic matter decomposes, the profile of the soil changes. On the other hand, a highly fertile soil often has a deep surface layer that contains high amounts of organic matter.

Components of the Soil Profile:

A soil horizon makes up a distinct layer of soil. The horizon runs roughly parallel to the soil surface and has different properties and characteristics than the adjacent layers above and below. The soil profile is a vertical section of the soil that depicts all of its horizons. The soil profile extends from the soil surface to the parent rock material.

The regolith includes all of the weathered material within the profile. The regolith has two components: the solum and the saprolite. The solum includes the upper horizons with the most weathered portion of the profile. The saprolite is the least weathered portion that lies directly above the solid, consolidated bedrock but beneath the regolith.

stomata :

The mechanism of the closing and opening of the stomata depends upon the presence of sugar and starch present in the guard cells.

In the presence of light, the guard cells of the stomata contain sugar which is synthesized by their chloroplasts.

The sugar is soluble and increases the concentration of guard cells.

Due to higher concentration of the cytoplasm of guard cells, the water enters into these cells from the neighbouring cells by osmosis. Hence, the stomata remains open.

In the absence of light the sugar present in guard cells converts into the starch. The starch is insoluble, and this way the guard cells remains in lower concentration than the of neighbouring cells, and the neighbouring cells take out the water from the guard cells by osmosis making them flaccid and the stomata closed.