Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

1.it is good to have political competition. because Many political parties prepare their manifestoes in which they point out steps that they will take after they come to power. The voter is in an advantageous situation as he can assess the manifestoes and party policies and decide the party to which he/she wants to vote.

2.General elections

 Function to elect a national government

 Traditionally called by the PM at a time of his choosing (though Fixed-term Parliaments Act

2011 now sets 5-year intervals)

 National focus/campaign

 Usually 60%+ turnout

 Fought across a range of policies and issues (publication of party manifestos etc.)

 Reflects previous 5-year national picture (leadership of parties, policy successes/failures,

economic climate etc.)

 Three main parties dominate the results

 Taken seriously by parties and most of the public, as the next government will be formed

By-elections

 Function to elect a single MP

 Called after resignation/death/departure of the sitting MP e.g. Oldham 2011 after de-selection

of Phil Woolas

 Local focus — although national party leaders will often visit to give support and attention e.g.

Crewe and Nantwich 2008 (Cameron visited several times to ensure victory)

 Low turnout e.g. Manchester Central 2012 was 18%

 Fought across a narrower range of policies, sometimes one issue or a local topic e.g. Blaenau

Gwent 2006 was lost by Labour after a rebellion by local Labour activists against the party's

chosen candidate

 Typically reflect perceptions of the parties at a given moment in time — often act as a mini-

referendum on the governing party e.g. Lib Dem collapse in Barnsley in March 2011; Labour

collapse during Brown's premiership in Glasgow East 2008 (used by voters to 'send a

message' in support of, or more likely against, parties in Westminster)

3.India is a country, divided into states and union territories, with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which defines the power distribution among the federal government and the states.

The President of India is the ceremonial head of the country and supreme commander-in-chief for all defence forces in India.[1]

However, it is the Prime Minister of India, who is the leader of the party or political alliance having a majority in the national elections to the Lok Sabha, that exercises most executive powers for matters that require countrywide affection under a federal system.

India is regionally divided into States (and Union Territories) and each State has a Chief Minister who is the leader of the party or political alliance that has won a majority in the regional elections otherwise known as State Assembly Elections that exercises executive powers in that State. The respective State's Chief Minister has executive powers within the State and works jointly with the Prime Minister of India or their ministers on matters that require both State and Central attention. Some Union Territories also elect an Assembly and have a territorial government and other (mainly smaller) Union Territories are governed by a person appointed by the President of India.

The President of India monitors the rule of law through their appointed governors in each State and on their recommendation can take over the executive powers from the Chief Minister of the State, temporarily when the elected representatives of the State government has failed to create a peaceful environment and has deteriorated into chaos. The President of India dissolves the existing State government if necessary, and a new election is conducted

Explanation:

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