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3_The concept of community government in Belgium refers to the fact that one person is elected from a specific religion or caste to represent the community.
EXPLANATION:
The community government is elected by people belonging to one language community-French, Dutch or German. This community government has powers related to the culture, education and language issues of the people. The aim of this type of government is to prevent any type of civic strife between the different communities that exist in Belgium.
4 The different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies are:
Horizontal Division of Power- It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government, for example, power sharing by the executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In this type of power-sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercised different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, thereby putting a check on each other.
Vertical Division of Power- It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. For example, a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional levels. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.
Division of Power among different Social Groups- Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially like different religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example of this type of power sharing. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Such an arrangement is used to give minority communities a fair share in power, who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.
Division of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Movements- In contemporary democracies such a division takes the form of competition among different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups.
5 Sri Lanka is a small island in the Indian Ocean which is about 65,610 square km. ... Among the 99 % of ethnic composition of Sri Lanka, Sinhalese communities are major with 74% then are Tamils with 18% and finally include the Muslims. Rest 1% population includes Burghers, Parsis and Veddas.